Editing Martial arts (section)

===Modern history===
{{further|Modern history of East Asian martial arts}}

====Late 19th to early 20th century====
The mid to late 19th century marks the beginning of the history of martial arts as modern sports developed out of earlier traditional fighting systems. In Europe, this concerns the developments of [[boxing]], [[wrestling]] and [[fencing]] as sports. In Japan, the same period marks the formation of the modern forms of [[judo]], [[jujutsu]], [[karate]], and [[kendo]] (among others) based on revivals of [[koryu|old schools]] of [[Edo period]] martial arts which had been suppressed during the [[Meiji Restoration]]<ref>{{cite web |title=History Of Martial Arts |url=https://primae.eu/history-of-martial-arts/?lang=sv |website=Primae |publisher=Participation and Recreation through Inclusive Martial Arts Education and E-Learning |access-date=2 May 2023}}</ref>  In 1882, [[Kano Jigoro]] established the [[Kodokan]] School of [[judo]] which began the sport of judo.<ref>Burdick, D. (2022, September 12). judo. Britannica. Retrieved October 10, 2022, from https://www.britannica.com/sports/judo</ref>  Kano Jigoro had gathered the old knowledge of [[jujutsu]] before establishing his school of judo.

Modern [[Muay Thai]] rules date to the 1920s. In China, the modern history of martial arts begins in the [[Nanjing decade]] (1930s) following the foundation of the [[Central Guoshu Institute]] in 1928 under the [[Kuomintang]] government.{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}}

Western interest in [[Asian martial arts]] arises towards the end of the 19th century, due to the increase in trade between the United States with China and Japan.<ref>Primae. (2011, November 29). History Of Martial Arts. Retrieved March 24, 2023, from https://primae.eu/history-of-martial-arts/?lang=sv </ref> Relatively few Westerners actually practiced the arts, considering it to be mere performance. [[Edward William Barton-Wright]], a railway engineer who had studied [[jujutsu]] while working in Japan between 1894 and 1897, was the first man known to have taught Asian martial arts in Europe. He also founded an eclectic style named [[Bartitsu]] which combined jujutsu, judo, wrestling, boxing, [[savate]] and [[stick fighting]].{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}}<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Godfrey |first=Emelyne |date=2009 |title=Sherlock Holmes and the Mystery Baritsu |journal=History Today |volume=59 |issue=5 |pages=4–5 |via=EBSCOhost}}</ref>

Fencing and [[Greco-Roman wrestling]] was included in the [[1896 Summer Olympics]]. [[FILA Wrestling World Championships]] and [[Boxing at the Summer Olympics]] were introduced in 1904. The tradition of awarding [[championship belt]]s in wrestling and boxing can be traced to the [[Lonsdale Belt]], introduced in 1909.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lonsdale Belt {{!}} boxing {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/sports/Lonsdale-Belt |access-date=2022-03-01 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref>
[[File:T wo Youtth Service Volunteers having a boxing match at an agricultural camp at Nunney Catch in Somerset during 1943. D16345.jpg|thumb|250px|Boxing in 1943]]

====20th century (1914 to 1989)====
{{More citations needed section|date=February 2021}}
[[File:The age of 18 Bruce Lee and Ye Wen.jpg|thumb|[[Bruce Lee]] (right) and his teacher {{nowrap|[[Ip Man]]}} (left)]]
The [[International Boxing Association (amateur)|International Boxing Association]] was established in 1920. [[World Fencing Championships]] have been held since 1921.{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}}

As Western influence grew in Asia a greater number of military personnel spent time in China, Japan and South Korea during World War II and the [[Korean War]] and were exposed to local fighting styles. Jujutsu, judo and karate first became popular among the mainstream from the 1950s–1960s. Due in part to Asian and Hollywood [[martial arts movies]], most modern American martial arts are either Asian-derived or Asian influenced.<ref>{{cite news|title= The Martial Arts as Moneymakers|newspaper= The New York Times|date=28 August 1988|url= https://www.nytimes.com/1988/08/28/business/the-martial-arts-as-moneymakers.html?scp=84&sq=chuck%20norris&st=cse|access-date=4 December 2010|first=David|last=Berreby}}</ref> The term [[kickboxing]] (キックボクシング) was created by the Japanese boxing promoter Osamu Noguchi for a variant of muay Thai and karate that he created in the 1950s. [[American kickboxing]] was developed in the 1970s, as a combination of boxing and karate. [[Taekwondo]] was developed in the context of the Korean War in the 1950s.{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}}

The later 1960s and 1970s witnessed an increased media interest in [[Chinese martial arts]], influenced by martial artist [[Bruce Lee]]. Bruce Lee is credited as one of the first instructors to openly teach Chinese martial arts to Westerners.<ref name="absolutedefense.net">{{cite web |url= http://absolutedefense.net/html/jeet_kune_do.html|title=Jeet Kune Do|publisher=absolutedefense.net|access-date=27 May 2014|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140717143650/http://absolutedefense.net/html/jeet_kune_do.html|archive-date=17 July 2014}}</ref> [[World Judo Championships]] have been held since 1956,{{Citation needed|date=January 2025}} and [[Judo at the Summer Olympics]] was introduced in 1964.{{Citation needed|date=January 2025}} [[Karate World Championships]] were introduced in 1970.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014 |title=World Karate Federation - The Book |url=https://www.wkf.net/thebook/ |access-date=2025-01-15 |website=www.wkf.net}}</ref>

The "[[Chopsocky|kung fu wave]]" of [[Hong Kong action cinema]] in the 1970s, especially [[Bruce Lee films]], popularized martial arts in global [[popular culture]]. A number of mainstream films produced during the 1980s also contributed significantly to the perception of martial arts in Western popular culture. These include ''[[The Karate Kid (1984 film)|The Karate Kid]]'' (1984) and ''[[Bloodsport (film)|Bloodsport]]'' (1988). This era produced some [[Cinema of the United States|Hollywood]] action stars with martial arts background, such as [[Jean-Claude Van Damme]] and [[Chuck Norris]].{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}}

Also during the 20th century, a number of martial arts were adapted for [[self-defense]] purposes for military [[hand-to-hand combat]]. [[World War II combatives]], [[KAPAP]] (1930s) and [[Krav Maga]] (1950s) in Israel, [[Systema]] in Soviet-era Russia, and [[Sanshou]] in the People's Republic of China are examples of such systems. The [[US military]] de-emphasized hand-to-hand combat training during the [[Cold War period]], but revived it with the introduction of [[LINE (combat system)|LINE]] in 1989.{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}}

====1990 to present====

In 1993, the first [[Pancrase]] event was held in Japan.<ref name="bloodyelbow">{{cite web|url=http://www.bloodyelbow.com/2014/3/29/5560430/origins-history-rules-early-days-old-pancrase-mma-bas-rutten-shamrock-japanese|title=The origins, history and rules from the early days of Pancrase circa 1993 |date=29 March 2014|website= bloodyelbow.com|access-date=27 May 2014}}</ref> The [[K-1]] rules of kickboxing were introduced, based on 1980s [[Seidokaikan]] karate.<ref>Soldwedel, A. (2003). 21st Century Shogun. Black Belt, 41 (1), 54-59.</ref>

During the 1990s, [[Brazilian jiu-jitsu]] became popular and proved to be effective in [[mixed martial arts]] (MMA) competitions such as the [[Ultimate Fighting Championship|UFC]] and [[Pride Fighting Championships|PRIDE]].<ref name=UNCstyles>{{cite web |url=http://www.ufc.com/index.cfm?fa=LearnUFC.Styles |title=fighting art used in the UFC |website= UFC.com |access-date=7 November 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100523232346/http://www.ufc.com/index.cfm?fa=LearnUFC.Styles |archive-date=23 May 2010 }}</ref>
[[File:EU_MMA_Championship_2021,_Kazan,_Russia_4.jpg|thumb|250px|left|Mixed martial arts championship in Russia in 2021]]

[[Jackie Chan]] and [[Bruce Lee]] were prominent martial artists who became major movie figures. Their popularity and media presence has been at the forefront for promoting Chinese martial arts in the [[Western world]] since the late 20th and early 21st centuries.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Shu |first=Yuan |date=2003 |title=Reading the Kung Fu Film in an American Context: From Bruce Lee to Jackie Chan |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01956050309603666 |journal=Journal of Popular Film and Television |language=en |volume=31 |issue=2 |pages=50–59 |doi=10.1080/01956050309603666 |s2cid=192198724 |issn=0195-6051}}</ref>

With the continual discovery of more medieval and Renaissance fighting manuals, the practice of [[Historical European Martial Arts]] and other [[Western Martial Arts]] have been growing{{citation needed|date= June 2020}} in popularity across the United States and Europe.{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}}

On 29 November 2011, [[UNESCO]] inscribed [[taekkyeon|Taekkyon]] onto its Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity List.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/en/RL/00452 |title= UNESCO Culture Sector – Intangible Heritage – 2003 Convention|work= UNESCO.org}}</ref>