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=== Latin === [[Latin language|Latin]] has no single words for ''yes'' and ''no''. Their functions as word sentence responses to yes–no questions are taken up by ''sentence adverbs'', single adverbs that are sentence modifiers and also used as word sentences. There are several such adverbs classed as [[truth-value]] adverbs—including {{Lang|la|[[wikt:certe#Latin|certe]]}}, {{Lang|la|[[wikt:fortasse#Latin|fortasse]]}}, {{Lang|la|[[wikt:nimirum#Latin|nimirum]]}}, {{Lang|la|[[wikt:plane#Latin|plane]]}}, {{Lang|la|[[wikt:vero#Latin|vero]]}}, {{Lang|la|[[wikt:etiam#Latin|etiam]]}}, {{Lang|la|[[wikt:sane#Latin|sane]]}}, {{Lang|la|[[wikt:videlicet#Latin|videlicet]]}}, and {{Lang|la|[[wikt:minime#Latin|minime]]}} (negative). They express the speaker's/writer's feelings about the truth value of a proposition. They, in conjunction with the negator {{Lang|la|[[wikt:non#Latin|non]]}}, are used as responses to yes–no questions.<ref name=BloomfieldHockett /><ref>{{cite book|title=Latin Grammar|author=Dirk G. J. Panhuis|page=184|publisher=University of Michigan Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-472-11542-6}}</ref><ref name=Pinkster>{{cite book|chapter-url=http://harmpinkster.nl./files/articles/Adverbs_in_Latin.pdf|chapter=Attitudinal and illocutionary satellites in Latin|pages=191–195|editor1=Aertsen |editor2=Henk-Hannay |editor3=Mike-Lyall |editor4=Rod|title=Words in their places. A Festschrift for J. Lachlan MackenzieIII|location=Amsterdam|publisher=[[Vrije Universiteit]]|year=2004|author=Harm Pinkster}}</ref><ref name=Adler /><ref name=Calvert>{{cite web|title=Comparison of adjectives and adverbs, and saying yes or no|work=Latin For Mountain Men|date=1999-06-24|author=J. B. Calvert|url=http://mysite.du.edu./~etuttle/classics/latin/latin16.htm|publisher=Elizabeth R. Tuttle}}</ref> For example: {{blockquote|{{Lang|la|"Quid enim diceres? Damnatum? Certe non."}} ("For what could you say? That I had been condemned? Assuredly not.")|sign=[[Cicero]]|source=Dom. 51<ref name=Pinkster />}} Latin also employs echo responses.<ref name=Adler>{{cite book|title=A Practical Grammar of the Latin Language; with Perpetual Exercises in Speaking and Writing|url=https://archive.org/details/apracticalgramm00adlegoog|author=George J. Adler|page=[https://archive.org/details/apracticalgramm00adlegoog/page/n28 8]|location=Boston|publisher=Sanborn, Carter, Bazin, & Co.|year=1858}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Latin for the First Year|author=Walter B. Gunnison|page=300|publisher=READ BOOKS|year=2008|isbn=978-1-4437-1459-4}}</ref>
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