Editing Module:Keichō (section)

==Events of the ''Keichō'' era==
[[File:Dutch-Japanese trading pass 1609.jpg|thumb|Trading pass issued in the name of Ieyasu Tokugawa, dated August 24, 1609 (''Keichō 14, 25th day of the 6th month'')<!-- [http://www.uni-tuebingen.de/geschichte-japans/nengo_calc.htm  NengoCalc] 慶長十四年七月二十五日 -->.]]
[[Image:Hokoji-Bell-M1767.jpg|upright|thumb|Temple bell at [[Hōkō-ji (Kyoto)|Hōkō-ji]].]]
[[Image:Hokoji-BellDetail-M1767.jpg|thumb|upright|Inscription on bell at Hokoji in Kyoto]]

* '''1596''' (''Keichō 1''): [[Hideyoshi's invasions of Korea|''Keichō'' Invasion]] (invasion of [[Korea]]).
* '''September 18, 1598''' (''Keichō 3, 18th day of the 8th month''): [[Toyotomi Hideyoshi]] died in his [[Fushimi Castle]] at the age of 63.<ref name="t405">Titsingh, [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran&pg=PP9  p. 405.]</ref>
* '''October 21, 1600''' (''Keichō 5, 15th day of the 9th month''): [[Battle of Sekigahara]]. The [[Tokugawa clan]] and its allies decisively vanquish all opposition.<ref name="t405"/>
* '''January 15, 1602''' (''Keichō 7, 24th day of the 11th month''): A fire at the [[Hōkō-ji (Kyoto)|Hōkō-ji]] temple complex in Kyoto was caused by careless workmen; and the great image of the buddha and the structure housing the statue (the Daibutsu-den) were consumed by the flames.<ref>Ponsonby-Fane, R. (1956). ''Kyoto, the Old Capital of Japan'', p. 290; Titsingh, [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran&pg=PP9  p. 409.]</ref>
* '''1603''' (''Keichō 8''): [[Tokugawa Ieyasu]] became ''[[shōgun]]'', which effectively becomes the beginning of what will become the [[Tokugawa Shogunate|Edo ''bakufu'']]. [[Toyotomi Hideyori]] was elevated to [[Naidaijin]] in Miyako [[Daijō-kan]].<ref name="t409">Titisngh, [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran&pg=PP9  p. 409.]</ref>
* '''1604-1606''' (''Keichō 9-11''): [[Tokugawa Ieyasu]] undertook the rebuilding of [[Asama Shrine]] at the base of [[Mount Fuji]] in [[Suruga Province]] in fulfillment of a vow and in gratitude for the help of the ''kami'' during the [[Battle of Sekigahara]] in 1600.<ref>Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1962). ''Studies in Shinto and Shrines'', p.462.</ref>
* '''1605''' (''Keichō 10''): [[Tokugawa Hidetada]] was named successor ''shōgun'' after his father "retires" from the position of ''shōgun''.
* '''1605''' (''Keichō 10''): The first official map of Japan was ordered in this year and completed in 1639 at a scale of 1:280,000.<ref>Traganeou, Jilly. (2004). ''The Tokaido Road: Traveling and Representation in Edo and Meiji Japan'', p. 230.</ref>
* '''January 23, 1605''' (''Keichō 10, 15th day of the 12th month''): A new volcanic island, Hachijōko-jima, arose from the sea at the side of {{nihongo|Hachijō Island|八丈島,|''Hachijō-jima''}} in the {{nihongo|[[Izu Islands]]|伊豆諸島,|''Izu-shotō''}} which stretch south and east from the Izu Peninsula.<ref name="t409"/>
* '''1606''' (''Keichō 11''): Construction began on [[Edo Castle]].<ref name="t409"/>
* '''1607''' (''Keichō 12''): Construction began on [[Sunpu Castle]] in [[Suruga Province|Suruga]]; and an ambassador from China arrived with greetings for the emperor of Japan.<ref name="t409"/>
* '''1609''' (''Keichō 14''):  [[Invasion of Ryukyu]] by [[Shimazu clan|Shimazu]] ''[[daimyō]]'' of [[Satsuma Domain|Satsuma]].<ref name="t409"/>
* '''August 24, 1609''' (''Keichō 14, 25th day of the 6th month'')<!-- [http://www.uni-tuebingen.de/geschichte-japans/nengo_calc.htm  NengoCalc] 慶長十四年七月二十五日 -->: Trading pass (''handelpas'') issued to Dutch East Indies Company in the name of Ieyasu Tokugawa.
* '''November 15, 1610''' (''Keichō 15, 30th day of the 9th month''): [[Toyotomi Hideyori]] sponsors work which is begun to rebuild the Hōkō-ji in line with the plans which his father had supported; and this will include recreating the Daibutsu of Kyoto in bronze to replace the wooden image which had been burned. At this time, Hideyori also decides to order a great bell cast in bronze.<ref>Ponsonby-Fane, ''Kyoto'', p. 292; Titsingh, [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran&pg=PP9  p. 409.]</ref>
* '''May 20, 1610''' (''Keichō 15, 27th day of the 3rd month''): Hideyori came to Kyoto to visit the former-''shōgun'' [[Tokugawa Ieyasu]]; and the same day, the emperor resigns in favor of his son Masahito.<ref name="t409"/>  [[Emperor Go-Yōzei]] abdicates; and his son receives the succession (''senso'').
* '''1611''' (''Keichō 16''): [[Emperor Go-Mizunoo]] formally accedes to the throne (''sokui'').
* '''1613''' (''Keichō 18''): In the years 1613 through 1620, [[Hasekura Tsunenaga]] headed a diplomatic mission to the [[Holy See|Vatican]] in Rome, traveling through [[New Spain]] (arriving in [[Acapulco]] and departing from [[Veracruz]]) and visiting various ports-of-call in Europe. This historic mission is called the ''Keichō'' Embassy, ({{lang|ja|慶長使節}}).<ref>In the name "''Keichō'' Embassy", the noun "''Keichō''" refers to the ''[[nengō]]''  ([[Japanese era name]]) after "''[[Bunroku]]''" and before "''[[Genna]]''."  In other words, the ''Keichō'' Embassy commenced during ''Keichō'', which was a time period spanning the years from 1596 through 1615.</ref>  On the return trip, Hasekura and his companions re-traced their route across Mexico in 1619, sailing from Acapulco for Manilla, and then sailing north to Japan in 1620.<ref>Ministry of Foreign Affairs: [http://www.mofa.go.jp/region/latin/mexico/index.html  Japan-Mexico Relations''.]</ref>  This is conventionally considered the first Japanese ambassador in the [[Americas]] and in Europe.<ref>The ''Keichō'' Embassy was, in fact, preceded by a [[Sengoku period]] mission headed by [[Mancio Itō]] with [[Alessandro Valignano]] in 1582–1590. Although less well-known and less well-documented, this historic mission is sometimes referred to as the "''[[Tenshō (Momoyama period)|Tenshō]]'' Embassy" because it was initiated in the  ''Tenshō'' era. This venture was organized by three ''[[daimyō]]s'' of Western Japan – [[Ōmura Sumitada]], [[Ōtomo Sōrin]] and [[Arima Harunobu]].</ref>
* '''1614''' (''Keichō 19''): [[Siege of Osaka]]. The ''shōgun'' vanquished Hideyori and set fire to [[Osaka Castle]], and then he returned for the winter to [[Edo]].<ref name="t410">Titsingh, [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran&pg=PP9  p. 410.]</ref>
* '''August 24, 1614''' (''Keichō 19, 19th day of the 7th month''): A new bronze bell for the Hōkō-ji was cast successfully [https://web.archive.org/web/20160303194243/http://oldphoto.lb.nagasaki-u.ac.jp/en/target.php?id=4771 – see 19th century photo of Hōkō-ji bell][http://oldphoto.lb.nagasaki-u.ac.jp/en/target.php?id=3093, and see old photo of bell]; but despite dedication ceremony planning, Ieyasu forbade any further actions concerning the great bell:
::"[T]he tablet over the Daibatsu-den and the bell bore the inscription ''"Kokka ankō"'' (meaning "the country and the house, peace and tranquility"), and at this Tokugawa Ieyasu affected to take umbrage, alleging that it was intended as a curse on him for the character 安 (''an'', "peace") was placed between the two characters composing his own name 家康 (''"ka-kō"'', "house tranquility") [suggesting subtly perhaps that peace could only be attained by Ieyasu's dismemberment?] ... This incident of the inscription was, of course, a mere [[pretext]], but Ieyasu realized that he could not enjoy the power he had usurped as long as Hideyori lived, and consequently, although the latter more than once dispatched his ''kerei'' Katagiri Kastumoto to [[Sunpu Castle]] with profuse apologies, Ieyasu refused to be placated."<ref>Ponsonby-Fane, ''Kyoto'', p. 292; Titsingh, [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran&pg=PP9  p. 410.]</ref>
* '''October 18, 1614''' (''Keichō 19, 25th day of the 10th month''): A strong earthquake shook Kyoto.<ref name="t410"/>
* '''1615''' (''Keichō 20''): Osaka Summer Battle begins.

===Era developments===
[[File:Keicho gold coinage Oban Koban Ichibuban 1601 1695.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Tokugawa coinage|Keichō gold coinage]]: [[Ōban]], [[Koban (coin)|Koban]], [[Ichibuban]] (1601–1695)]]

* Copper, silver and gold coins called ''Keichō-tsūhō'' were issued in the ''Keichō'' era helping to unify the currency system.<ref>Nussbaum, "''Keichō-tsūhō''" in [https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA504  ''Japan encyclopedia'', p. 504.]</ref>
* ''Keichō-chokuhan'', also called ''Keichō shinkoku-bon'', were Imperial publications, produced during the ''Keichō'' era at the command of [[Emperor Go-Yōzei]] and printed using moveable type which had been imported from the [[Joseon Kingdom]] on the Korean peninsula.<ref>Nussbaum, "''Keichō-chokuhan''" in [https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA504  ''Japan encyclopedia'', p. 504.]</ref>
* ''Keichō no katsuji-ban'' was the general name for the first works printed with moveable typ during the ''Keichō'' era.<ref>Nussbaum, "''Keichō no katsuji-ban''" in [https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA504  ''Japan encyclopedia'', p. 504.]</ref>
* {{nihongo|''Things Heard and Seen During the Keichō Era''| |Keichō kemmon-shū}} also called the ''Kembun-shū'' was a book, a collection of tales and anecdotes compiled by [[Miura Jōshin]] (1565–1644).<ref>Nussbaum, "''Keichō kemmon-shū''" in [https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA504  ''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. 504.]</ref>
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