Editing Module:Yes and no (section)

=== Complications ===
These differences between languages make translation difficult. No two languages are [[isomorphism|isomorphic]] at the most elementary level of words for ''yes'' and ''no''. Translation from two-form to three-form systems are equivalent to what English-speaking school children learning French or German encounter. The mapping becomes complex when converting two-form to three-form systems. There are many idioms, such as reduplication (in French, German, and Italian) of affirmatives for emphasis (the Dutch and German {{Lang|de|ja ja ja}}).

The mappings are one-to-many in both directions. The German {{Lang|de|ja}} has no fewer than 13 English equivalents that vary according to context and usage (''yes'', ''yeah'', and ''no'' when used as an answer; ''well'', ''all right'', ''so'', and ''now'', when used for segmentation; ''oh'', ''ah'', ''uh'', and ''eh'' when used an interjection; and ''do you'', ''will you'', and their various inflections when used as a marker for [[tag question]]s) for example. Moreover, both {{Lang|de|ja}} and {{Lang|de|doch}} are frequently used as [[German modal particle|additional particle]]s for conveying nuanced meaning where, in English, no such particle exists. Straightforward, non-idiomatic, translations from German to English and then back to German can often result in the loss of all of the modal particles such as {{Lang|de|ja}} and {{Lang|de|doch}} from a text.<ref>{{cite book|title=Starting English Teaching|url=https://archive.org/details/startingenglisht00jeff|url-access=limited|author=Robert Jeffcoate|page=[https://archive.org/details/startingenglisht00jeff/page/n231 213]|publisher=Routledge|year=1992|isbn=0-415-05356-0}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Deaf Way|author1=Carol Erting |author2=Robert C. Johnson |author3=Dorothy L. Smith  |name-list-style=amp |page=456|publisher=Gallaudet University Press|year=1989|isbn=978-1-56368-026-7}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=From Cognitive Semantics to Lexical Pragmatics|author=Kerstin Fischer|pages=206–207|year=2000|publisher=Walter de Gryuter|location=Berlin|isbn=3-11-016876-6}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Thinking German Translation|url=https://archive.org/details/thinkinggermantr00herv|url-access=limited|author1=Sándor G. J. Hervey |author2=Ian Higgins |author3=Michael Loughridge  |name-list-style=amp |chapter=The Function of Modal Particles|pages=[https://archive.org/details/thinkinggermantr00herv/page/n160 152]–154|publisher=Routledge|year=1995|isbn=978-0-415-11638-1}}</ref>

Translation from languages that have word systems to those that do not, such as Latin, is similarly problematic. As Calvert says, "Saying yes or no takes a little thought in Latin".<ref name=Calvert />