Editing Module:COVID-19 pandemic in France (section)

==Effects on civilian life==
[[File:Paris Covid19 Avril 2020.webm|thumb|Empty streets in Paris]]
[[File:Social distancing outside supermarket.png|thumb|right|Some stores that remain open impose disciplined queuing for customers waiting to enter]]
[[File:Covid supermarket till in France.png|thumb|right|Major supermarket chains installed equipment to safeguard staff and customers]]

=== Closures ===
On 28 February 2020, the fashion designer [[agnès b.]] cancelled fashion shows in [[Paris Fashion Week]], which had been scheduled to run until 3 March.<ref name="20200228reuters"/> The following day, the Paris [[half marathon]] scheduled for Sunday 1 March 2020, with 44,000 participants was cancelled as one of a number of measures announced by health minister [[Olivier Véran]] (which also included the banning of all indoor public gatherings of more than 5,000 people).<ref name="20200229washingtontimes"/>

In a televised statement on 12 March 2020, President of the Republic Emmanuel Macron decreed the closure of nurseries, schools, colleges, high schools and universities.<ref name="echos12m"/> The Ministry of Health requested the deprogramming of non-urgent surgical procedures.<ref name="echos12m"/> From the next day, gatherings of more than 100 people were prohibited.<ref>{{cite web|title=Coronavirus : ce qu'il faut retenir de la journée du 13 mars|url=https://www.lesechos.fr/monde/enjeux-internationaux/en-direct-13-mars-2020-coronavirus-le-point-sur-la-situation-en-france-et-dans-le-monde-1184882|website=Les Échos|location=France|date=13 March 2020|access-date=23 March 2020|archive-date=16 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516202002/https://www.lesechos.fr/monde/enjeux-internationaux/en-direct-13-mars-2020-coronavirus-le-point-sur-la-situation-en-france-et-dans-le-monde-1184882|url-status=live}}.</ref>

On 13 March 2020, the [[Ligue de Football Professionnel]] suspended [[Ligue 1]] and [[Ligue 2]] (the top two divisions of football in France) indefinitely due to health risks.<ref name="20200313lfp"/>

On 14 March 2020, many cultural institutions announced their closure. These are mainly Parisian institutions or institutions in the Paris region, such as [[Louvre]], [[Centre Pompidou|Centre Georges Pompidou]], [[Eiffel Tower]], [[Musée d'Orsay]], and [[Palace of Versailles|Château de Versailles]],<ref name="francetvinfo3864933"/> but also institutions in the provinces such as [[Château de Montsoreau-Museum of Contemporary Art|Château de Montsoreau – Museum of Contemporary Art]],<ref name="www7324271143"/> [[CAPC musée d'art contemporain de Bordeaux|CAPC – Musée d'Art Contemporain de Bordeaux]], [[Museum of European and Mediterranean Civilisations|MUCEM in Marseille]].<ref name="laprovence5930600"/>

===Restrictions on movement===
Starting from 23 March 2020,<ref name="AutoQ7-37"/> everyone in a public space was required to carry a self-completed declaration, known as an "Attestation de déplacement dérogatoire", which stated one's reasons for being out in public. Without this declaration individuals could be fined if found engaging in non-essential movement.<ref name="AutoQ7-38"/> Acceptable reasons for being outside included: shopping for food and essential needs, traveling to and from a place of work, if the work could not be performed at home, accessing necessary healthcare, traveling for essential family matters including childcare or care of the elderly or to assist vulnerable people, exercising within 1&nbsp;km of the home for up to 1 hour during permitted hours, for an administrative legal matter (such as a summons), or at the direction of an administrative authority. Initially it was necessary to carry a paper copy of the declaration but later a [[QR code]] based electronic equivalent for smartphones became an option. Most of the requirements of these measures expired on 11 May 2020 with the expiration of the general stay-at-home order however new requirements subsequently came into effect limiting general travel to a range of 100&nbsp;km from one's residence without a permit. The 100&nbsp;km limitation remained in effect until 2 June.{{citation needed|date=June 2020}}

Police around the country set up road blocks to check those outside their homes had good reason and that their exemption declarations were in order. Up to 7 April 2020, more than 8&nbsp;million checks had been made, and half a million fines had been issued for failure to respect rules of confinement. Police report receiving hundreds of telephone denunciations from citizens complaining of their neighbours walking their dogs too often; a woman also denounced her husband for going out to see his mistress.<ref>[http://www.lerepairedesmotards.com/actualites/2020/500000-amendes-non-respect-confinement.php 500.000 amendes pour non-respect du confinement] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516202000/http://www.lerepairedesmotards.com/actualites/2020/500000-amendes-non-respect-confinement.php |date=16 May 2024 }} 7 April 2020 http://www.lerepairedesmotards.com {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150420040937/http://www.lerepairedesmotards.com/ |date=20 April 2015 }} accessed 30 April 2020</ref>

On 28 September 2020, according to an [[Amnesty International]] report French authorities wrongly punished thousands of peaceful protesters under draconian laws in pre and post [[COVID-19]] crackdowns. Many people were arbitrarily fined, arrested, and detained for peaceful protests.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2020/09/france-thousands-of-protesters-wrongly-punished-under-draconian-laws-in-pre-and-post-covid19-crackdown/|title=France: Thousands of protesters wrongly punished under draconian laws in pre and post COVID-19 crackdown|date=28 September 2020|access-date=28 September 2020|publisher=Amnesty International|archive-date=30 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930023325/https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2020/09/france-thousands-of-protesters-wrongly-punished-under-draconian-laws-in-pre-and-post-covid19-crackdown/|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Unemployment ===
President Macron announced on 12 March 2020 that companies could postpone the payment of social security contributions and taxes due in March without justification, formalities, or penalties. An "exceptional and massive" mechanism of state-funded furloughing (partial lay-offs) was envisaged.<ref name="echos12m">{{cite web |title=Coronavirus : ce qu'il faut retenir de la journée du 12 mars |url=https://www.lesechos.fr/monde/enjeux-internationaux/en-direct-jeudi-12-mars-coronavirus-le-point-sur-la-situation-en-france-et-dans-le-monde-1184455 |work=[[Les Echos (France)|Les Échos]] |location=France |date=12 March 2020 |access-date=13 May 2020 |archive-date=8 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200508143633/https://www.lesechos.fr/monde/enjeux-internationaux/en-direct-jeudi-12-mars-coronavirus-le-point-sur-la-situation-en-france-et-dans-le-monde-1184455 |url-status=live }}</ref> Employees were encouraged to [[remote work]] where possible.<ref>{{cite web|title=Coronavirus. Scolarité, élections, mesures à l'hôpital... Ce qu'il faut savoir en Mayenne|url=https://www.ouest-france.fr/sante/virus/coronavirus/coronavirus-ce-qu-il-faut-savoir-en-mayenne-6778363|work=[[Ouest-France]]|date=12 March 2020|access-date=13 May 2020|archive-date=23 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323221145/https://www.ouest-france.fr/sante/virus/coronavirus/coronavirus-ce-qu-il-faut-savoir-en-mayenne-6778363|url-status=live}}</ref> During the second half of March, 4&nbsp;million French workers applied for temporary [[Unemployment benefits in France|unemployment benefits]].<ref name="20200402ft"/><ref name="AutoQ7-39"/><ref name="20200402reuters"/> As of April 2020, approximately 8.6&nbsp;million employees in France were furloughed. The total cost of the operation for the three months from March was €24&nbsp;billion.<ref name=20200525ladepeche-chomage/>

The French state, which has hitherto borne 100% of the costs of furloughing, reduced the indemnity to 85% from 1 June 2020, with businesses footing 15% of the bill; employees will receive 70% of their gross pay, or around 84% of their net salary. Employees in sectors of activity related to restaurants, culture and tourism, which remain subject to forced closure, continue to receive 100% state indemnity.<ref name=20200525ladepeche-chomage>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ladepeche.fr/2020/05/25/chomage-partiel-les-entreprises-assumeront-15-du-cout-des-le-1er-juin-annonce-le-ministere-du-travail,8902385.php|title=Chômage partiel : les entreprises assumeront 15% du coût dès le 1er juin, annonce le ministère du Travail|website=ladepeche.fr|access-date=13 June 2020|archive-date=13 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200613074035/https://www.ladepeche.fr/2020/05/25/chomage-partiel-les-entreprises-assumeront-15-du-cout-des-le-1er-juin-annonce-le-ministere-du-travail,8902385.php|url-status=live}}</ref> According to the French statistical agency INSEE, 3% of the French labor force frequently teleworks. 2% of French workers travel fewer than 5 kilometers from their home to work, and 8% must travel more than 50&nbsp;km.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Working time and working at home during the lockdown: significant differences depending on occupation - Insee Focus - 207 |url=https://www.insee.fr/en/statistiques/4806682 |access-date=2022-09-01 |website=www.insee.fr |archive-date=2 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220902215635/https://www.insee.fr/en/statistiques/4806682 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Riots in the Paris region ===
From 18 April 2020, suburbs near Paris saw several nights of [[List of incidents of civil unrest in France|violent clashes]] over police [[Social situation in the French suburbs|treatment of ethnic minorities]] in the [[banlieue]]s during the coronavirus lockdown.<ref name=france2420200420>{{cite news |title=Police clash with residents in Paris suburbs amid lockdown |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20200420-police-clash-with-residents-in-paris-suburbs-amid-lockdown |publisher=France 24 |date=20 April 2020 |access-date=22 April 2020 |archive-date=5 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211105115500/https://www.france24.com/en/20200420-police-clash-with-residents-in-paris-suburbs-amid-lockdown |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=france2420200421>{{cite news |title=Violence flares in tense Paris suburbs as heavy-handed lockdown stirs 'explosive cocktail' |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20200421-violence-flares-in-tense-paris-suburbs-as-heavy-handed-lockdown-stirs-explosive-cocktail |publisher=France 24 |date=21 April 2020 |access-date=22 April 2020 |archive-date=16 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200516073456/https://www.france24.com/en/20200421-violence-flares-in-tense-paris-suburbs-as-heavy-handed-lockdown-stirs-explosive-cocktail |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=20200422reuters>{{cite news |title=French motorcyclist whose crash fuelled riots urges calm amid more unrest |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-france-security/french-motorcyclist-whose-crash-fuelled-riots-urges-calm-amid-more-unrest-idUSKCN2240DC |work=Reuters |date=22 April 2020 |access-date=22 April 2020 |archive-date=2 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220902081902/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-france-security/french-motorcyclist-whose-crash-fuelled-riots-urges-calm-amid-more-unrest-idUSKCN2240DC |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Fatal bus attack ===
On 5 July 2020, a 59-year-old male bus driver in [[Bayonne]] was left [[Brain death|brain dead]] after being attacked by passengers who refused to pay for tickets and to wear face masks on his bus. Five people were arrested;<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-53309424|title=Bayonne: Bus driver left brain dead after being 'attacked over face masks'|work=BBC News|date=6 July 2020|access-date=6 July 2020|archive-date=20 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220820091354/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-53309424|url-status=live}}</ref> two men were charged with attempted murder, two others with non-assistance to a person in danger and a fifth with attempting to hide a suspect.{{refn|<ref name=rte-french-bus-driver-dead>{{Cite news|title=French bus driver dies after 'face mask attack'|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/2020/0710/1152630-french-bus-driver-dead/|date=10 July 2020|access-date=11 July 2020|publisher=[[RTÉ News]]|archive-date=5 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211105172156/https://www.rte.ie/news/2020/0710/1152630-french-bus-driver-dead/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=guardian-two-charged-over-attack-on-french-bus-driver-who-refused-entry-to-unmasked-men>{{Cite news|title=Two charged over attack on French bus driver who refused entry to unmasked men|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jul/08/two-charged-over-attack-on-french-bus-driver-who-refused-entry-to-unmasked-men|date=8 July 2020|access-date=11 July 2020|work=[[The Guardian]]|agency=[[Agence France-Presse]]|archive-date=4 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220404085406/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jul/08/two-charged-over-attack-on-french-bus-driver-who-refused-entry-to-unmasked-men|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=cnn13072020>{{Cite news|title=French bus driver dies following attack by passengers who refused to wear masks|publisher=[[CNN]]|date=11 July 2020|access-date=13 July 2020|author=Simon Cullen and Angela Dewan|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2020/07/11/europe/france-philippe-monguillot-bus-driver-dies-coronavirus-intl/index.html|archive-date=15 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211215141538/https://edition.cnn.com/2020/07/11/europe/france-philippe-monguillot-bus-driver-dies-coronavirus-intl/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=causeur11072020>{{Cite news|title=Philippe Monguillot, le chauffeur de bus lynché, est mort hier soir à Bayonne|agency=Causeur|date=11 July 2020|access-date=16 July 2020|author=Martin Pimentel|language=fr|url=https://www.causeur.fr/philippe-monguillot-bayonne-179060|archive-date=28 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028055546/https://www.causeur.fr/philippe-monguillot-bayonne-179060|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=libero12072020>{{Cite news|title=Francia, conducente di un bus ucciso a calci e pugni da quattro arabi: voleva che indossassero la mascherina|agency=Liberoqoutidiano|date=12 July 2020|access-date=16 July 2020|author=Mauro Zanon|language=it|url=https://www.liberoquotidiano.it/news/esteri/23749621/francia-conducente-autobus-uccis-4-arabi-chiesto-di-mettere-mascherina.html|archive-date=23 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220223005438/https://www.liberoquotidiano.it/news/esteri/23749621/francia-conducente-autobus-uccis-4-arabi-chiesto-di-mettere-mascherina.html|url-status=live}}</ref>}} The driver died on 10 July, five days after the attack.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-53367432|title=France: Bus driver dies after 'attack over face masks' in Bayonne|work=BBC News|date=10 July 2020|access-date=10 July 2020|archive-date=2 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220802151850/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-53367432|url-status=live}}</ref>