Editing Module:Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques (section)

== Technical committee ==
 
===Role===
The role of the technical committee is the provision of "safe diving for CMAS members" and seeks to achieve this by "promoting world class standards for all aspects of Scuba Diving and ensuring adherence of them by member federations and dive providers".<ref name="About-CMAS-TC">{{cite web|title=About the Technical Committee|url=http://www.cmas.org/technique/about-tec/|publisher=Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques|access-date=28 January 2013|archive-date=13 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221013202710/https://www.cmas.org/technique/about-tec/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Its officers who are elected from persons nominated at the CMAS General Assembly by affiliated national diving federations include the following positions – president, secretary, standards director, education director, technical director, diving security director, special tasks director and a number of general members.  It oversees the two following systems – a diver training standards system known as the "CMAS International Diver Training Standards" and a certification system known as "CMAS International Diver Certificates".<ref name="About-CMAS-TC"/><ref name="Learn To Dive">{{cite web|url= http://www.cmas.org/learn-to-dive/|title= Learn To Dive|publisher= Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques|access-date= 28 January 2013|archive-date= 17 October 2022|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20221017103703/https://www.cmas.org/learn-to-dive/|url-status= dead}}</ref>
 
Since CMAS effectively started as a volunteer organisation for hobbyists, its courses tend to reflect the full range of European and world diving standards. Compared to other diving organisations which may be more geared towards holiday and tropical water diving, and while organisations like [[PADI]] or [[Scuba Schools International|SSI]] tend to bring divers into the water immediately, CMAS entry-level training is more extensive, featuring more "classroom" delivered theory.<ref name="dtp">{{cite manual |title=C.M.A.S. Diver *, **, ***, ****Training Program Diver |publisher=Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques |date=7 February 2008 |version=Version 2007/01}}</ref>

=== Qualifications ===
 
====Standards, certification and training delivery====
[[File:CMAS-Ausbildung.svg|thumb|right|upright=1.5|The CMAS training system.]]
The CMAS Technical Committee has developed a qualification system currently known as the "CMAS International Diver Training Standards" which consists of published universal standards for [[recreational diving]], [[technical diving]] and [[Diving instructor|leadership diver grades]].<ref name="CMAS-S+P">{{cite web|url= http://www.cmas.org/technique/cmas-international-diver-training-standards-and-procedures-manual/|title= CMAS International Diver Training Standards and Procedures Manual|publisher= Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques|access-date= 28 January 2013|archive-date= 13 October 2022|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20221013202713/https://www.cmas.org/technique/cmas-international-diver-training-standards-and-procedures-manual/|url-status= dead}}</ref>
 
The CMAS Technical Committee has also developed a [[Diving certification|diving certification system]] called the "CMAS International Diver Training Certification System" for most of its diver training standards and which permits divers that have been trained in accordance with the CMAS International Diver Training Standards, to have their training recognised worldwide particularly in countries where CMAS affiliated federations exist. The system includes a double sided certification card format where one side depicts the achieved CMAS standard while the other side has details of the issuing organisation and the diver.<ref name="Learn To Dive"/><ref name="Certificate format">{{Citation| title= CMAS International Diver Training Standards and Procedures Manual| chapter-url= http://www.cmas.org/document?sessionId=&fileId=2212&language=1/| access-date= 28 January 2013| publisher= Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques| pages= 2–3| chapter= Chapter 1 Universal Standards and Procedures| archive-date= 18 June 2021| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210618034617/https://www.cmas.org/document?sessionId=&fileId=2212&language=1/| url-status= dead}}</ref>
 
CMAS itself does not provide training or conduct the issuing of certifications – this is available from two sources.  Firstly, from national diving federations affiliated to the CMAS Technical Committee using their member diving clubs, their member instructors where the federation is exclusively an instructor organisation or by agreement with independent underwater diving training organizations operating in the countries where those federations are based.<ref name="CMAS Technical Committee Affiliates">{{cite web|title=Federations affiliated to the CMAS Technical Committee|url=http://www.cmas.org/technique/federations?comme=2|publisher=Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques|access-date=27 October 2012|archive-date=13 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221013185254/https://www.cmas.org/technique/federations?comme=2|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=CMAS-ISA>{{cite web|title=Welcome to CMAS Instructors South Africa|url=http://www.cmas.co.za/AboutUs.aspx|publisher=CMAS Instructors South Africa|access-date=28 October 2012|archive-date=21 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180921152852/http://www.cmas.co.za/AboutUs.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="SEI Organizational Standards">{{cite web|title=ORGANIZATIONAL STANDARDS|url=http://www.seidiving.org/about-us/organizational-standards/|publisher=Scuba Educators International|access-date=28 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220053419/http://www.seidiving.org/about-us/organizational-standards/|archive-date=20 February 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> Secondly, from specially accredited dive centres known as "CMAS Dive Centers" (CDC) who use dedicated CMAS training materials.<ref name="CMAS Diving Centers">{{cite web|title=CMAS Diving Centers|url=http://www.cmas.org/cmas/diving-centers|publisher=Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques|access-date=27 October 2012|archive-date=13 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221013202715/https://www.cmas.org/cmas/diving-centers|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==== Recreational diver training programmes ====
[[File:CMAS 4-star diver certification card PC160019.jpg|thumb|CMAS four-star diver certification card issued by South African Underwater Union, the South African affiliate in the 1980s, which later became the South African Underwater Sports Federation and CMAS Instructors South Africa, the current South African federations.]]
 
Standards are offered for recreational diver training for the following grades of scuba and snorkel divers.<ref name="CMAS-S+P"/>
{{div col}}
* '''Introductory SCUBA Experience''' – "this training programme aims at providing interested persons with an [[introductory diving]] experience, to a maximum depth of ten (10) metres under the direct supervision of a CMAS Instructor, whilst using air as a breathing gas, in a safe manner."<ref name="CMAS-ISE">{{cite book| title = CMAS International Diver Training Standards and Procedures Manual| chapter-url = http://www.cmas.org/document?sessionId=&fileId=2155&language=1/| access-date = 29 January 2013| publisher = Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques| page = 1| chapter = CMAS Introductory SCUBA Experience Training Programme| archive-date = 18 June 2021| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210618025923/https://www.cmas.org/document?sessionId=&fileId=2155&language=1/| url-status = dead}}</ref>
* '''[[CMAS* scuba diver|One Star Diver]]''' – "a diver who is competent in the safe and correct use of all appropriate open water scuba diving equipment in a sheltered water training area and is ready to gain open water diving experience in the company of an experienced diver."<ref name="diver definitions" >{{cite book |author=dernp |title= Standards & Requirements Diver and Instructor (Version 2002/00 ) |chapter-url= http://www.metropolis2.co.uk/Bish/Diver_Instructor_St_et_Rs_V_2002_00_A.pdf |access-date=18 May 2017 |publisher=Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques |page=3 |chapter=Definitions of Diver and Instructor |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215121957/http://www.metropolis2.co.uk/Bish/Diver_Instructor_St_et_Rs_V_2002_00_A.pdf |archive-date=15 December 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* '''[[CMAS** scuba diver|Two Star Diver]]''' – "a diver who has gained some open water diving experience and is considered ready to take part in dives partnered by a diver of at least the same or a higher grade. The two-star diver may dive with a One Star Diver in sheltered shallow water."<ref name="diver definitions"/>
* '''Three Star Diver''' – "a fully trained, experienced, senior diver who is considered competent to supervise other divers of any grade in open water and support an instructor in the pool and open water training."<ref name="diver definitions"/>
* '''Four Star Diver''' – "a three-star diver who has attained a higher than average level of knowledge and ability supported by broad diving experience. They are able to assist in the training of One Star Divers and be competent to lead divers in order to accomplish major diving tasks or project objectives."<ref name="diver definitions"/>
{{div col end}}
 
'''Snorkelling'''
{{div col}}
* '''One Star Snorkel Diver''' – "a snorkel diver who is competent in the safe and correct use of relevant snorkel diving equipment used in a swimming pool or sheltered water. The snorkel diver is familiar with relevant personal equipment and its use in a sheltered open water area. The snorkel diver is ready to gain further open water training."<ref name="Snorkel Diver Standards">{{cite book| title= Snorkel Diver Standards| chapter-url= http://www.cmas.org/document?sessionId=&fileId=2166&language=1/| access-date= 29 January 2013| publisher= Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques| chapter= Definition of Snorkel diver and Snorkel diver Instructor grades| archive-date= 18 June 2021| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210618014115/https://www.cmas.org/document?sessionId=&fileId=2166&language=1/| url-status= dead}}</ref>
* '''Two Star Snorkel Diver''' – "a snorkel diver who has gained some open water diving experience.  The snorkel diver is considered ready to take part in dives with other snorkel divers, under supervision if a minor.  The CMAS 2 star snorkel diver is considered trained."<ref name="Snorkel Diver Standards"/>
* '''Three Star Snorkel Diver''' – "A fully trained snorkel diver who has gained considerable experience in open water snorkel diving under various conditions. The three-star snorkel diver has acquired life-saving skills and can lead snorkel divers in open water dives."<ref name="Snorkel Diver Standards"/>
{{div col end}}

==== Speciality diver training programmes ====
Standards are provided for the following speciality training for recreational divers:<ref name="CMAS-S+P"/>
{{div col}}
* [[Apnea|Apnoea Diver Level I]]
* Apnoea Diver Level II
* Apnoea Diver Level III
* Disabled Diver: Open Water Diving Environment Level I
* Disabled Diver: Open Water Diving Environment Level II
* Disabled Diver: Open Water Diving Environment Level III
* {{annotated link|Nitrox diver|Enriched Air Nitrox Diver}}
* {{annotated link|Dry suit diver|Drysuit Diver}}
* {{annotated link|Altitude Diver}}
* {{annotated link|Underwater navigation|Underwater Navigation}}
* [[Underwater search and recovery|Search and Recovery Diver]]
* {{annotated link|Ice diver|Ice Diver}}
* [[Diving air compressor|Compressor Operator]]
* {{annotated link|Nitrox blender|Nitrox Gas Blender}}
* {{annotated link|Trimix blender|Trimix Gas Blender}}
* [[Cave diving|Cave Diver Level I (Cavern Diver)]]
* [[Diver propulsion vehicle|Recreational Scooter Diver]]
* [[Cardiopulmonary resuscitation]] (CPR) and [[Basic life support]] (BLS])
* [[Oxygen first aid|Oxygen Administration]]
* {{annotated link|Rescue Diver}}
* [[Trimix (breathing gas)|Recreational Trimix Diver]]
* Semi-Closed [[Rebreather]] Diver
* Advanced Semi-Closed Rebreather Diver
* Closed Circuit Rebreather Diver
* Children Diving Bronze Award
* Children Diving Gold Award
* Children Diving Silver Award
* Wreck Diver Level 1: – Autonomous, recreational, non-penetration [[wreck diving]].<ref>{{cite report |url=https://archives.cmas.org/document%3FsessionId%3D%26fileId%3D2158%26language%3D1&ved=2ahUKEwjUpvWG7LKIAxVi3gIHHQKcOu4QFnoECBcQAQ&usg=AOvVaw1YEsIuD8MSZ1V2vmc5cCB6 |title=Standard 2.B.27: CMAS Wreck Diver Level 1 Training Programme |chapter=Chapter 2 |work=CMAS International Diver Training Standards and Procedures Manual |author=((CMAS Technical Committee)) |access-date=8 September 2024 }}</ref>
* Wreck Diver Level 2:– Autonomous, recreational, penetration [[wreck diving]].<ref>{{cite report |url=https://archives.cmas.org/document?sessionId=&fileId=2159&language=1 |title=Standard 2.B.28: CMAS Wreck Diver Level 2 Training Programme|work=CMAS International Diver Training Standards and Procedures Manual |chapter= |author=((CMAS Technical Committee)) |access-date=8 September 2024 }}</ref>
{{div col end}}
* {{visible anchor|Self-Rescue Diver}} – [[Scuba gas planning]] skills, [[bailout to emergency gas supply]] carried by the diver, management of multiple gas cylinders, [[deployment of a decompression buoy]] from depth, [[Tethered ascent|tethered buoyant emergency ascent]], use of [[long hose regulator]], self-release from entanglement, and use of [[backup diving equipment]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://archives.cmas.org/technique/self-rescue-diver-training-programme |title=Self-Rescue Diver Training Programme |website=archives.cmas.org |access-date=1 July 2024 |archive-date=27 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230927223024/https://archives.cmas.org/technique/self-rescue-diver-training-programme |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://archives.cmas.org/document?sessionId=&fileId=2965&language=1 |work=CMAS International Diver Training Standards and Procedures Manual |title=3.B.31 CMAS Syllabus for Self-Rescue Diver Training Programme / BOD no 181 ( 04-18-2013 ). Minimum Course Content |access-date=2024-07-01 |archive-date=2024-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240701075146/https://archives.cmas.org/document?sessionId=&fileId=2965&language=1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
{{Expand section|Brief summary of what each qualification entails where there is no existing article|date=July 2024}}

====Technical diver training programmes====
Standards are provided for the following technical diver training grades:<ref name="CMAS-S+P"/>
{{div col |colwidth=30em}}
* {{annotated link|Advanced nitrox diver|Advanced Nitrox Diver}}
* Advanced Semi-Closed Rebreather Diver
* [[Cave diving|Cave Diver Level II (Apprentice Cave Diver)]]
* Cave Diver Level III (Full Cave Diver)
* [[Technical diving#Definition of technical diving#Gas mixes#Deep air/extended range diving|Extended Range Nitrox Diver]]
* [[Trimix (breathing gas)#Mixes#Naming conventions|Normoxic Trimix Diver]]
* [[Overhead environment]] Scooter
* Technical Scooter Diver
* Trimix Diver
* Advanced Trimix Diver
{{div col end}}
{{expand section|update and annotate to clarify|date=July 2024}}

==== Leadership diver training programmes ====
Standards are provided for the training of the following grades of recreational snorkel and scuba instructors:<ref name="CMAS-S+P"/>
{{div col}}
* '''{{visible anchor|One Star Snorkel Diver Instructor}}''' – "a CMAS 2 star snorkel diver who is interested in and has knowledge of practical snorkel diver instruction.  The instructor is qualified to conduct practical lessons in a swimming pool and to teach the CMAS 1 star snorkel diver certificate.  The instructor can be used as an assistant instructor in open water, but cannot plan an open water dive and lead a group of divers on his own."<ref name="Snorkel Diver Standards"/>
* '''{{visible anchor|Two Star Snorkel Diver Instructor}}''' – "an experienced one-star snorkel diver instructor who has the knowledge, skills, and experience required to lead and instruct 1, 2 and 3 Star snorkel diver students in the classroom, swimming pool, and open water.  The experienced CMAS 2 Star snorkel diver instructor may assist in the training and education of CMAS 1 Star snorkel diver instructors."<ref name="Snorkel Diver Standards"/>
* '''{{visible anchor|One Star Instructor}}''' – "a three- or four-star diver who has demonstrated a knowledge of the techniques of diving instruction and has proven, under evaluation, to be competent in practical instructional skills and diving safety procedures: They are qualified to train and certify novice diving students in a full CMAS One-Star Diver scuba program."<ref name="diver definitions"/>
* '''{{visible anchor|Two Star Instructor}}''' – "an experienced one-star instructor who has the knowledge, skills, and experience required to teach groups of divers in the classroom, pool, and in open water, and to train qualified dive supervisors, assistant instructors and assist in the training & evaluation of One-Star Instructors. They are qualified to teach and certify all CMAS diver levels including snorkel instructor levels."<ref name="diver definitions"/>
* '''{{visible anchor|Three Star Instructor}}''' – "a highly experienced two-star instructor who is competent to train all grades of divers and instructors and able to take responsibility for instructor certification programs and the conduct of diving schools/centres and specialised training courses or events."<ref name="diver definitions"/>
{{div col end}}

====Instructor speciality grades====
Standards are provided for speciality training of assistants, [[dive master|dive supervisors]], snorkel instructors and scuba instructors:<ref name="CMAS-S+P"/>
{{div col}}
* Apnoea Instructor
* Instructors Assistant for Disabled Divers
* Instructor for Disabled Divers
* Instructor Trainer for Disabled Divers
* Nitrox Instructor
* Advanced Nitrox Instructor
* Nitrox Instructor Three Star
* Ice Diver Instructor
* Trimix Instructor
* Advanced Trimix Instructor
* Nitrox Gas Blender Instructor
* Trimix Gas Blender Instructor
* Cave Diving Instructor I (Cavern Diving Instructor)
* Cave Diving Instructor II (Full Cave Diving Instructor)
* Cave Diving Instructor III (Cave Diving Staff Instructor)
* Recreational Scooter Assistant
* Technical Scooter Assistant
* Overhead Environment Scooter Assistant
* Recreational Scooter Instructor
* Technical Scooter Instructor
* Overhead Environment Scooter Instructor
* Semi-Closed Rebreather Instructor
* Advanced Semi-Closed Rebreather
* Closed Circuit Rebreather Instructor
* Children Diving Dive Leader
* Children Diving Instructor
* Children Diving Instructor Trainer
{{div col end}}