Editing Module:Ōei

{{Short description|Period of Japanese history (1394–1428)}}
{{History of Japan |image=Shoso-in.jpg |caption=[[Shōsōin]]}}

{{nihongo|'''Ōei'''|応永}} was a {{nihongo|[[Japanese era name]]|年号| ''nengō''|"year name"}} after ''[[Meitoku]]'' and before ''[[Shōchō]]''. This period spanned the years from July 1394 through April 1428.<ref>Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "''Ōei''" in [https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA735  ''Japan encyclopedia'', p. 735]; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, ''see'' [http://dispatch.opac.ddb.de/DB=4.1/PPN?PPN=128842709 Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File].</ref> Reigning emperors were {{nihongo|[[Emperor Go-Komatsu|Go-Komatsu]]''-tennō''|後小松天皇,|}} and {{nihongo|[[Emperor Shōkō|Shōkō]]''-tennō''|称光天皇|}}.<ref>Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran&pg=PP9 ''Annales des empereurs du japon'', pp. 317]–327.</ref>

==Change of era==
* '''1394''' {{nihongo|''Ōei gannen''|応永元年}}: The new era name was created because of plague. The previous era ended and a new one commenced in ''Meitoku'' 5, the 5th day of the 7th month.

==Events of the ''Ōei'' era==
* '''1394''' (''Ōei 1''): Yoshimitsu officially cedes his position to his son;<ref>Titsingh, [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran&pg=PP9  p. 321.]</ref>
* '''1396''' (''Ōei 3''): Imagawa Sadayo dismissed.<ref name="a329">Ackroyd, Joyce. (1982) ''Lessons from History: The "Tokushi Yoron"'', p. 329.</ref>
* '''1397''' (''Ōei 4''): Uprising in Kyūshū suppressed.<ref name="a330">Ackroyd, Joyce. (1982) ''Lessons from History: The "Tokushi Yoron"'', p. 330.</ref>
* '''May 13, 1397''' (''Ōei 4, 16th day of the 4th month''): Construction begun on ''[[Kinkaku-ji]]''.<ref name="titsingh322">Titsingh, [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP322  p. 322.]</ref>
* '''1397''' (''Ōei 4, 8th month''): an Imperial ambassador is dispatched from Emperor Go-Komatsu to the court of the [[Hongwu Emperor]] of China.<ref name="titsingh322"/>
* '''September 1398''' (''Ōei 5, 8th month'')<!-- NengoCalc 応永五年八月一日 -->: In the early autumn<!-- NengoCalc 応永五年八月一日 --> in the 6th year of the reign of King [[Taejong of Joseon]], a diplomatic mission was sent to Japan.<ref>Kang, Etsuko Hae-jin. (1997). [https://books.google.com/books?id=4f0jnNzdRb4C&dq=1443+hwang+yun-gil&pg=PA275  ''Diplomacy and Ideology in Japanese-Korean Relations: from the Fifteenth to the Eighteenth Century'', p. 275.]</ref>  [[Pak Ton-ji]] and his retinue arrived in Kyoto.  ''Shōgun'' Yoshimochi presented the envoy with a formal diplomatic letter; and presents were given for the envoy to convey to the Joseon court.<ref>Titsingh, p. 322.</ref>
* '''1398'''  (''Ōei 5'') Muromachi administration organized.<ref name="a330"/>
* '''November 18, 1399''' (''Ōei 6, 28th day of the 10th month''): {{nihongo|{{illm|Ōei Rebellion|ja|応永の乱}}|応永の乱|Ōei no ran}} begins. [[Ōuchi Yoshihiro]] raises an army against ''[[shōgun]]'' [[Ashikaga Yoshimitsu]]; and the Ashikaga forces prevail against this opposition.<ref>Nussbaum, "''Ōei no Ran''" in [https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA735  ''Japan encyclopedia'', p. 735.]</ref>
* '''1399''' (''Ōei 6''): [[Ōuchi Yoshihiro]] and [[Ashikaga Mitsukane]] rebel—Ōei War.<ref name="a330"/>
* '''1401''' (''Ōei 8, 2nd month''): The Imperial Palace was burned.<ref name="titsingh323">Titsingh, [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=RA1-PA323  p. 323.]</ref>
* '''1401''' (''Ōei 8''): Yoshimitsu sends a diplomatic mission to the court of the [[Jianwen Emperor]] of China as a tentative first step in re-initiating trade between Japan and [[Ming Dynasty|Ming]] China.  The letter conveyed to the Emperor of China was accompanied by a gift of 1000 ounces of gold and diverse objects.<ref name="titsingh323"/>
* '''1402''' (''Ōei 9''): A letter from the [[Jianwen Emperor]] of China was received by Yoshimitsu; and this formal communication mistakenly accords the title "king of Japan" to the Japanese ''shōgun''.<ref name="titsingh324">Titsingh, [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=RA1-PA323  p. 324.]</ref>
* '''1402''' (''Ōei 9''): Uprising in Mutsu suppressed.<ref name="a330"/>
* '''1404''' (''Ōei 11''): Yoshimitsu appointed ''Nippon Koku-Ō'' (King of Japan) by Chinese emperor.
* '''1408''' (''Ōei 15''): Yoshimitsu dies.<ref name="a330"/>
* '''1408''' (''Ōei 15''): Yoshimochi comes into his own as a ''shōgun''.
* '''1409''' (''Ōei 16, 3rd month''): An ambassador from the Joseon court was received in Kyoto.<ref name="titsingh325">Titsingh, [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=RA1-PA325  p. 325.]</ref>
* '''1409''' (''Ōei 16''): [[Ashikaga Mochiuji]] becomes [[Kantō kubō]].<ref name="a330"/>
* '''1411''' (''Ōei 18''): Yoshimochi breaks off relations with China.<ref name="s1242">Sansom, George. (1961). [https://books.google.com/books?id=0syC6L77dpAC&dq=ashikaga+yoshimochi&pg=PA142  ''A History of Japan, 1334-1615'', p. 142.]</ref>
* '''1412''' (''Ōei 19''): [[Emperor Shōkō]] was made the new sovereign upon the abdication of his father, [[Emperor Go-Komatsu]]. His actual coronation date was two years later. Shōkō was only 12 years old when he began living in the [[Heian Palace#Inner Palace (Dairi)|daïri]]; but Go-Komatsu, as a [[cloistered rule|Cloistered Emperor]] still retained direction of the court and the ''shōgun'' was charged with the general superintendence of affairs until his death at age 57 in 1433.<ref>Titsingh, [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran&pg=PP9  p. 326]-327; Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1959). ''The Imperial House of Japan'', pp. 105-106.</ref>
* '''1413''' (''Ōei 20''): ''Shōgun'' [[Ashikaga Yoshimochi]] fell ill, and so he sent an ambassador to the [[Ise Shrine]] to pray for the return of his health.<ref>Titsingh, [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran&pg=PP9  p. 328.]</ref>
* '''1413''' (''Ōei 20''): [[Emperor Go-Komatsu]] abdicates; [[Emperor Shōkō]] ascends throne in repudiation of agreement; renewed hostility between shogunate and supporters of Southern Court.<ref name="a330"/>
* '''January 29, 1415''' (''Ōei 21, on the 19th day of the 12th month''): Enthronement of Emperor Shōkō.
* '''1415''' (''Ōei 22''): Dissension between Mochiuji, the Kantō Kubō at Kamakura, and [[Uesugi Zenshū]] ([[Kanrei]]).<ref name="s1242"/>
* '''1416''' (''Ōei 23''): Uesugi rebels.<ref name="a330"/>
* '''1417''' (''Ōei 24''): Uesugi's rebellion quelled by Mochiuji.<ref name="s1242"/>
* '''1418''' (''Ōei 25''): Rebuilding of [[Asama Shrine]] at the base of [[Mount Fuji]] in [[Suruga Province]] is ordered by Ashikaga Yoshimochi.<ref>Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1962.  ''Studies in Shinto and Shrines'', pp. 461–462.</ref>
* '''July 18, 1419''' (''Ōei 26, 26th day of the 6th month''): {{nihongo|[[Ōei Invasion]]|応永の外寇|Ōei no gaikō}} was a [[Joseon Dynasty|Joseon]] military action in [[Tsushima Province]] ([[Tsushima Island]]).  The Joseon military forces were focused on the pirates (''[[Wokou|wakō]]'') which had established bases from which to raid the  coastline of the Korean peninsula.  More than 200 ships and 17,000 fighting men took part in this military expedition.<ref>Nussbaum, "''Ōei no Gaikō''" in [https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA735  ''Japan encyclopedia'', p. 735.]</ref>
* '''1420''' (''Ōei 27''): Serious famine with great loss of life.<ref name="s1242"/>
* '''1422''' (''Ōei 29''): Resuragence of southern supporters.<ref name="a330"/>
* '''1423''' (''Ōei 30, 2nd month''): ''Shōgun'' Yoshimochi retires in favor of his son, [[Ashikaga Yoshikatsu]], who is 17 years old.<ref>Titsingh, [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran&pg=PP9  p. 329.]</ref>
* '''1424''' (''Ōei 31''): Go-Kameyama dies.<ref name="a330"/>
* '''March 17, 1425''' (''Ōei 32, 27th day of the 2nd month''): ''Shōgun'' Yoshikatsu died at the age of 19 years, having administered the empire for only three years.<ref>Titsingh, [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran&pg=PP9  p. 330.]</ref>
* '''1425''' (''Ōei 32''): After Yoshikazu dies, Yoshimochi resumes the responsibilities of office.<ref name="a330"/>
* '''1428''' (''Ōei 35''): Yoshimochi dies; Shōkō dies; [[Emperor Go-Hanazono|Go-Hanazono]] ascends throne in second repudiation of agreement.<ref name="a330"/>

==Notes==
{{reflist|2}}

==References==
* Kang, Etsuko Hae-jin. (1997). ''Diplomacy and Ideology in Japanese-Korean Relations: from the Fifteenth to the Eighteenth Century''. Basingstoke, Hampshire; Macmillan. {{ISBN|978-0-312-17370-8}}; {{OCLC|243874305}}
* Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). ''Japan Encyclopedia''. Cambridge: [[Harvard University Press]]. {{ISBN|978-0-674-01753-5}}; [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/48943301/editions?editionsView=true&referer=br OCLC 48943301]
* [[Richard Ponsonby-Fane|Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon]]. (1959). ''The Imperial House of Japan''. Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. [http://www.worldcat.org/wcpa/oclc/194887 OCLC 194887]
* ____________. (1962).  [https://books.google.com/books?id=tjEvAAAAYAAJ&q=Studies+in+Shinto+and+Shrines  ''Studies in Shinto and Shrines''.] Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. [http://www.worldcat.org/wcpa/oclc/3994492 OCLC 3994492]
* [[Isaac Titsingh|Titsingh, Isaac]]. (1834). ''[[Nihon Ōdai Ichiran]]''; ou, [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&q=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran  ''Annales des empereurs du Japon''.]  Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5850691 OCLC 5850691]

==External links==
* [[National Diet Library]], "The Japanese Calendar" [http://www.ndl.go.jp/koyomi/e/ -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection]

{{s-start}}
{{succession box
| before =[[Meitoku]]
| title = [[Japanese era name|Era or ''nengō'']]<br>Ōei
| years = 1394–1428
| after =[[Shōchō]]
}}
{{s-end}}

{{Japanese era name}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Oei}}
[[Category:Japanese eras]]
[[Category:1390s in Japan]]
[[Category:1400s in Japan]]
[[Category:1410s in Japan]]
[[Category:1420s in Japan]]
[[Category:14th-century neologisms]]