Editing Module:Ōnin

{{Short description|Period of Japanese history (1467–1469)}}
{{History of Japan |image=Shoso-in.jpg |caption=[[Shōsōin]]}}

{{nihongo|'''Ōnin'''|応仁}} was a {{nihongo|[[Japanese era name]]|年号|''nengō''|"year name"}} after ''[[Bunshō]]'' and before ''[[Bunmei]]''. This period spanned the years from March 1467 through April 1469.<ref>Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "''Ōnin''" in [https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA754  ''Japan encyclopedia'', p. 754]; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, ''see'' [http://dispatch.opac.ddb.de/DB=4.1/PPN?PPN=128842709 Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File].</ref> The reigning emperor was {{nihongo|[[Go-Tsuchimikado]]''-tennō''|後土御門天皇}}.<ref>Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran&pg=PP9  ''Annales des empereurs du Japon'', pp. 352]–364.</ref>

==Change of era==
* '''1467''' {{nihongo|''Ōnin gannen''|応仁元年}}: The era name was changed to mark an event or a number of events. The old era ended and a new one commenced in ''Bunshō'' 2.

==Events of the ''Ōnin'' era==
The ''[[Ōnin War]]'': This conflict began as a controversy over whether at [[Ashikaga Yoshimasa]]'s retirement as shōgun he should be succeeded by his brother (Yoshimi) or his son ([[Ashikaga Yoshihisa|Yoshihisa]]); but this succession dispute was merely a pretext for rival groups of ''[[daimyō]]s'' to fight in a struggle for military supremacy. In the end, there was no clear-cut winner. The complex array of factional armies simply fought themselves into exhaustion.<ref name="v84">Varley, H. Paul. (1973). ''Japanese Culture: A Short History'', p. 84.</ref>

* '''1467''' (''Ōnin 1, 1st month''): [[Yamana Sōzen]] and [[Hatakeyama Yoshinari]] took up positions around the Muromachi-dono, the Ashikaga residence in [[Heian-kyō]] where the Shōgun made his headquarters. They sent for Ashikaga Yoshimi, and they also invited former-[[Emperor Go-Hanazono]] and Go-Tsuchimikado to come themselves to Muromachi to witness for themselves that Hosokawa Katsumoto and Hatakeyama Michinaga would be put to death.   For his part, Yoshimi first tried to ameliorate the escalating situation. Failing that, Yoshimi ordered Yoshinari to kill Masanaga, but Yoshinari was overpowered and Masanaga fled the capital. These events caused Souzen and Yoshinari to feel afraid of what might happen next.<ref name="t354">Titsingh, [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran&pg=PP9  p. 354.]</ref>
* '''1467''' (''Ōnin 1, 1st month''): The ''nadaijin'' Sayensi-no Saneto was replaced by Hino-no Katsumitsi.<ref name="t354"/>
* '''1467''' (''Ōnin 1, 2nd month''): Shiba-no Yoshikado became ''kanrei''; and from this moment forward, the confidence and activities of Katsumoto ceased entirely. He didn't go out at all, and he began to regret that he hadn't joined Masanaga. At the same time, Souzen and Yoshinari despaired as they secretly occupied themselves with preparations for armed confrontation. They informed their clans of their plans, and they began to believe that with support from outside the capital, it would be possible to surmount any number of obstacles.<ref name="t354"/>
* '''1467''' (''Ōnin 1, 5th month''):  Nijō Mochimitsi was removed from his role as ''kampaku'', and [[Ichijō Kaneyoshi]] became his successor.<ref name="t354"/>

===Higashiyama-dono===
The emperor honored Yoshimasa's villa with a special name&nbsp;– ''Higashiyama-dono.''  Construction begins on the Silver Pavilion,<ref name="v84"/> but the work is interrupted by a range of disruptions associated with the Ōnin War. Significant dates in this evolving crisis were:
* '''1460''' (''[[Chōroku]] 3''): Yoshimasa initiated planning for construction of a retirement villa and gardens as early as 1460;<ref>[http://www.yamasa.org/index.html  Yamasa:] [http://www.yamasa.org/japan/english/destinations/kyoto/ginkakuji.html  Gikaku-ji.]</ref> and after his death, this property would become a Buddhist temple called Jisho-ji (also known as [[Ginkaku-ji]] or the "Silver Pavilion").<ref>[http://www.kyoto-np.co.jp/kp/topics/eng/2008jan/01-23.html  "Protecting Ginkaku-ji, the Beauty of Wabi-sabi; Reluctance to Black Lacquering the Outer Wall"], ''Kyoto Shimbun''. January 23, 2008.</ref>
* '''February 21, 1482''' (''[[Bunmei]] 14, 4th day of the 2nd month'')<!-- NengoCalc 文明十四年二月四日 -->: The long-delayed construction of the "Silver Pavilion" is actually commenced.<ref>Keene, Donald. (2003). [https://books.google.com/books?id=xtPsa5zI8jcC&dq=ginkaku&pg=PA87  ''Yoshimasa and the Silver Pavilion'', p. 87.]</ref>

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
* Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). ''Japan Encyclopedia''. Cambridge: [[Harvard University Press]]. {{ISBN|978-0-674-01753-5}}; [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/48943301/editions?editionsView=true&referer=br OCLC 48943301]
* [[Isaac Titsingh|Titsingh, Isaac.]] (1834). ''[[Nihon Ōdai Ichiran]]''; ou, [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&q=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran  ''Annales des empereurs du Japon''.]  Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5850691 OCLC 5850691]
* [[H. Paul Varley|Varley, H. Paul]]. (1973). [https://books.google.com/books?id=bas6AAAAMAAJ&q=Japanese+Culture:+A+Short+History  ''Japanese Culture: A Short History''.] London: Farber and Farber. {{ISBN|978-0-275-64370-6}}; [http://www.worldcat.org/wcpa/oclc/2542423 OCLC 2542423]

==External links==
* [[National Diet Library]], "The Japanese Calendar" [http://www.ndl.go.jp/koyomi/e/ &ndash; historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection]

{{s-start}}
{{succession box
| before =[[Bunshō]]
| title = [[Japanese era name|Era or ''nengō'']]<br>Ōnin
| years = 1467–1469
| after =[[Bunmei]]
}}
{{s-end}}

{{Japanese era name}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Onin}}
[[Category:Japanese eras]]
[[Category:1460s in Japan]]
[[Category:15th-century neologisms]]