Editing Module:Bun'ei

{{Short description|Period of Japanese history (1264–1275 CE)}}
{{about|the Japanese era|the [[Ryukyu Islands|Ryukyu]]an king|Bunei (Ryukyu)}}
{{Infobox historical era
| name      = Bun'ei{{pb}}{{nobold|{{lang|ja|文永}}}}
| location  = [[Japan]]
| start     =February 1264
| end       = April 1275
|image      = Buddha of infinite light and life - Cleveland Museum of Art (30144512214).jpg 
| alt       = 
|caption    =  Buddha of Infinite Light and Life, sculpted in [[Osaka]] in 1269 by Kōshun, Kōshin, and Jōshun.
| before    =  [[Kōchō]]
| after= [[Kenji (Japanese era)|Kenji]]
| monarch   = [[Emperor Kameyama]] (to March 1274)<br>[[Emperor Go-Uda]] (from March 1274)
}}{{History of Japan |image=Shoso-in.jpg |caption=[[Shōsōin]]}}

{{nihongo|'''Bun'ei'''|文永|}} was a {{nihongo|[[Japanese era name]]|年号|''nengō''|lit. "year name"}} after ''[[Kōchō]]'' and before ''[[Kenji (Japanese era)|Kenji]].''  This period spanned the years from February 1264 to April 1275.<ref>Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "''Bun'ei''" in {{Google books|p2QnPijAEmEC|''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. 90|page=90}}; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, ''see'' [https://archive.today/20120524174828/http://dispatch.opac.ddb.de/DB=4.1/PPN?PPN=128842709 Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File].</ref> The reigning emperor was {{nihongo|[[Emperor Kameyama|Kameyama]]''-tennō''|亀山天皇}}.<ref>Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). {{Google books|18oNAAAAIAAJ|''Annales des empereurs du Japon'', pp. 253-261|page=253}}; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). ''Jinnō Shōtōki.'' p. 232-233.</ref>

==Change of era==
* '''1264''' {{nihongo|'' Bun'ei gannen''|文永元年}}; 1264: The new era name was created to mark an event or a number of events. The previous era ended and a new one commenced in ''Kōchō'' 4. The era name comes from the ''[[Book of Later Han]]'' and combines the characters {{linktext|文}} ("writing") and {{linktext|永}} ("perpetual").

==Events of the ''Bun'ei'' era==
* '''March 6, 1274''' (''Bun'ei 11, 26th day of the 1st month''): In the 15th year of Kameyama''-tennō''{{'}}s reign (亀山天皇15年), the emperor abdicated; and the succession (''senso'') was received by his cousin.<ref>Titsingh, {{Google books|18oNAAAAIAAJ|p. 261|page=261}}; Varley, p. 44; a distinct act of ''senso'' is unrecognized prior to [[Emperor Tenji]]; and all sovereigns except [[Empress Jitō|Jitō]], [[Emperor Yōzei|Yōzei]], [[Emperor Go-Toba|Go-Toba]], and [[Emperor Fushimi|Fushimi]] have ''senso'' and ''sokui'' in the same year until the reign of [[Emperor Go-Murakami]].</ref>
* '''May 4, 1274''' (''Bun'ei 11, 26th day of the 3rd month''):  Emperor Go-Uda is said to have acceded to the throne (''sokui'').<ref>Titsingh, {{Google books|18oNAAAAIAAJ|p. 262|page=262}}; Varley, p. 44.</ref> The retired Emperor Kameyama continued to exercise power as [[Cloistered rule|cloistered emperor]].

[[Image:Mooko-HakataWall.jpg|thumb|left|Japanese samurai defending the stone barrier -- from the narrative picture scroll ''[[Mōko Shūrai Ekotoba]]'', which was painted between 1275 and 1293.]]
* '''November 19, 1274''' (''Bun'ei 11, 20th day of the 10th month'')<!-- NengoCalc 文永十一年十月二十日 -->: [[Battle of Bun'ei]] -- [[Kublai Khan]]'s [[Mongols|Mongol]] forces land at [[Hakata Bay]] near [[Fukuoka]] in [[Kyūshū]]. After landing and some armed skirmishes, the invaders withdraw to spend the night on shipboard. That night, a storm sinks several ships, and the fleet retreats to Korea rather than pressing their initial advantage.<ref>Davis, Paul K. (2001). [https://books.google.com/books?id=nv73QlQs9ocC&dq=100+Decisive+Battles:+From+Ancient+Times+to+the+Present&pg=PA147  ''100 Decisive Battles: From Ancient Times to the Present'', p. 147.]</ref> In the course of the day's fighting, the [[Hakozaki Shrine]] was burned to the ground.<ref>Turnbull, Stephen R. (2003). [https://books.google.com/books?id=N2MMD0yfxyAC&dq=Hakozaki+Shrine&pg=PA66  ''Genghis Khan & the Mongol Conquests 1190–1400'', p. 66.]{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ''[[Nihon Ōdai Ichiran]]'' explains that the invaders were defeated because they lacked arrows.<ref>Titsingh, {{Google books|18oNAAAAIAAJ|p. 262|page=262}}.</ref>

==See also==
* [[Mongol invasions of Japan]]
* [[Battle of Kōan]] - the second invasion attempt by [[Kublai Khan]], in 1281.

==Notes ==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
* Davis, Paul K. (1999). [https://books.google.com/books?id=nv73QlQs9ocC  ''100 Decisive Battles: From Ancient Times to the Present.''] Oxford: [[Oxford University Press]]. {{ISBN|978-0-19-514366-9}}; {{OCLC|0195143663}}
* Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). [https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC  ''Japan encyclopedia.''] Cambridge: [[Harvard University Press]]. {{ISBN|978-0-674-01753-5}}; [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/58053128?referer=di&ht=edition  OCLC 58053128]
* [[Isaac Titsingh|Titsingh, Isaac.]] (1834). ''[[Nihon Odai Ichiran]]''; ou, [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&q=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran  ''Annales des empereurs du Japon.'']  Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. {{OCLC|5850691}}
* [[Stephen R. Turnbull|Turnbull]], Stephen R. (2003). [https://books.google.com/books?id=wURfQ0y7JP8C  ''Genghis Khan & the Mongol Conquests, 1190-1400.''] London: Routledge. {{ISBN|9780415968621}}; {{ISBN|9780203489505}}; {{OCLC| 53948747}}
* [[H. Paul Varley|Varley, H. Paul]]. (1980). ''A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns: Jinnō Shōtōki of Kitabatake Chikafusa.'' New York: [[Columbia University Press]]. {{ISBN|9780231049405}}; {{OCLC|6042764}}

==External links==
* [[National Diet Library]], "The Japanese Calendar" [http://www.ndl.go.jp/koyomi/e/ -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection]

{{s-start}}
{{succession box
|before=[[Kōchō]]
|title=[[Japanese era name|Era or ''nengō'']]<br>Bun'ei
|years=1264–1275
|after=[[Kenji (Japanese era)|Kenji]]
}}
{{s-end}}

{{Japanese era name}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bunei}}
[[Category:Japanese eras]]
[[Category:1260s in Japan]]
[[Category:1270s in Japan]]
[[Category:13th-century neologisms]]