Editing Module:Eiwa

{{Short description|Period of Japanese history (1375–1379)}}
{{History of Japan|Shoso-in.jpg| Image explanation = [[Shōsōin]]}}
{{nihongo|'''Eiwa'''|永和|}} was a [[Japanese era name]] (年号, ''nengō'', lit. year name) of the [[Northern Court (Japan)|Northern Court]] during the [[Nanboku-cho|Era of Northern and Southern Courts]] after [[Ōan]] and before [[Kōryaku]]. This period spanned the years from February 1375<ref>Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "''Eiwa''" in [https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA173  ''Japan encyclopedia'', p. 173]; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, ''see'' [http://dispatch.opac.ddb.de/DB=4.1/PPN?PPN=128842709 Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File]{{dead link|date=December 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}.</ref> through March 1379.<ref>Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "''Kōryaku''" in [https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA562  ''Japan encyclopedia'', p. 562]; n.b., Nussbaum identifies Eiwa's end in March 13<u>78</u> and Kōryaku's beginning a year later in March 13<u>79</u>.</ref>  The emperor in Kyoto was {{nihongo|[[Emperor Go-En'yū]]|後円融天皇|''Go-En'yū-tennō''}}<ref>Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP310 ''Annales des empereurs du japon'', pp. 310-313.]</ref> The [[Southern Court]] rival in Yoshino during this time-frame was {{nihongo|[[Emperor Chōkei]]|長慶天皇| ''Chōkei-tennō''}}.

==Nanboku-chō overview==
[[Image:Nanbokucho-capitals.svg|thumb|140px|The Imperial seats during the ''Nanboku-chō'' period were in relatively close proximity, but geographically distinct. They were conventionally identified as: {{unordered list|Northern capital : [[Kyoto]] |Southern capital : [[Yoshino, Nara|Yoshino]].}}]]   
During the [[Meiji period]], an Imperial decree dated March 3, 1911 established that the legitimate reigning monarchs of this period were the direct descendants of [[Emperor Go-Daigo]] through [[Emperor Go-Murakami]], whose {{nihongo|Southern Court|南朝|''nanchō''}} had been established in exile in [[Yoshino District|Yoshino]], near Nara.<ref name="concise">Thomas, Julia Adeney. (2001). [https://books.google.com/books?id=Re4djF3oaTMC&dq=1911+texbook+controversy&pg=RA1-PA199  ''Reconfiguring modernity: concepts of nature in Japanese political ideology'', p. 199 n57], citing Mehl, Margaret. (1997). ''History and the State in Nineteenth-Century Japan.'' p. 140-147.</ref>

Until the end of the [[Edo period]], the militarily superior pretender-Emperors supported by the [[Ashikaga shogunate]] had been mistakenly incorporated in Imperial chronologies despite the undisputed fact that the [[Imperial Regalia of Japan|Imperial Regalia]] were not in their possession.<ref name="concise"/>

This illegitimate {{nihongo|[[Northern Court]]|北朝|''hokuchō''}} had been established in [[Kyoto]] by [[Ashikaga Takauji]].<ref name="concise"/>

==Change of era==
* '''1375''', also called {{nihongo|''Eiwa gannen''|永和元年}}: The new era name was created to mark an event or series of events. The previous era ended and the new one commenced in ''Ōan'' 8.

In this time frame, [[Tenju]] (1375–1381) was the Southern Court equivalent ''nengō.''<ref name="t312">Titsingh, p. 312.</ref>

==Events of the Eiwa era==
* '''1375''' (''Eiwa 1, 3rd month''): Shōgun [[Ashikaga Yoshimitsu]] visits the [[Iwashimizu Hachiman-gū]] where he worships publicly; and he offers a sword for the shrine's treasury, gold foil for the embellishment of the shrine, and racehorses for the shrine's stable.<ref name="t312"/>
* '''1375''' (''Eiwa 2, 4th month''): For the first time, Shōgun Yoshimitsu is permitted to enter the precincts of the Imperial quarters at the Imperial palace in Kyoto.<ref name="t312"/>
* '''1377''' -- [[Goryeo dynasty|Goryeo]] (Korea) diplomatic envoy [[Chŏng Mong-ju]] met with the {{nihongo|shogunal deputy|探題|''tandai''}} in Kyūshū, [[Imagawa Ryōshun]]. The objective of this diplomatic mission was to begin negotiating steps to control pirates (''wakō'').<ref>Titsingh, p. 313; Kang, Jae-eun ''et al.'' (2006). ''The Land of Scholars : Two Thousand Years of Korean Confucianism'', p. 159.</ref>
* '''1378''' (''Eiwa 4, 3rd month''): Yoshimitsu moves into his new home in Muromachi;<ref>Titsingh, p. 313.</ref> and the luxurious house and grounds are called ''Hana-no-Gosho''<ref name="a329">Ackroyd, Joyce. (1982) ''Lessons from History: The "Tokushi Yoron"'', p. 329.</ref>

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
* [[Joyce Ackroyd|Ackroyd, Joyce]]. (1982) ''Lessons from History: The [[Tokushi Yoron]].'' Brisbane: [[University of Queensland Press]]. {{ISBN|978-0-7022-1485-1}}
* Kang, Jae-eun and Suzanne Lee. (2006). ''The Land of Scholars : Two Thousand Years of Korean Confucianism.'' Paramus, New Jersey: Homa & Sekey Books. {{ISBN|978-1-931907-37-8}}; [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/60931394?referer=di&ht=edition OCLC 60931394]
* Mehl, Margaret. (1997). ''History and the State in Nineteenth-Century Japan.'' New York: [[St Martin's Press]]. {{ISBN|978-0-312-21160-8}}; [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/419870136?referer=di&ht=edition OCLC 419870136]
* Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). ''Japan Encyclopedia.'' Cambridge: [[Harvard University Press]]. {{ISBN|978-0-674-01753-5}}; [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/48943301/editions?editionsView=true&referer=br OCLC 48943301]
* Thomas, Julia Adeney. (2001). ''Reconfiguring Modernity: Concepts of Nature in Japanese Political Ideology.'' Berkeley: [[University of California Press]]. {{ISBN|978-0-520-22854-2}}; {{OCLC|47916285}}
* [[Isaac Titsingh|Titsingh, Isaac.]] (1834). ''[[Nihon Odai Ichiran]]''; ou, [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&q=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran  ''Annales des empereurs du Japon.'']  Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5850691 OCLC 5850691]

==External links==
* National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" [http://www.ndl.go.jp/koyomi/e/ -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection]

{{s-start}}
{{succession box
|before=[[Ōan]]
|title=[[Japanese era name|Era or ''nengō'']]<br>Eiwa
|years=1375–1379
|after=[[Kōryaku]]
}}
{{s-end}}

{{Japanese era name}}

[[Category:Japanese eras]]
[[Category:1370s in Japan]]
[[Category:14th-century neologisms]]