Editing Module:Hōtoku

{{Short description|Period of Japanese history (1449–1452)}}
{{History of Japan |image=Shoso-in.jpg|caption=[[Shōsōin]]}}

{{nihongo|'''Hōtoku'''|宝徳}} was a {{nihongo|[[Japanese era name]]|年号| ''nengō''| lit. "year name"}} after ''[[Bun'an]]'' and before ''[[Kyōtoku]].'' This period spanned the years from July 1449 through July 1452.<ref>Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "''Hōtoku''" in [https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA360&dq=  ''Japan encyclopedia'', p. 360]; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, ''see'' [https://archive.today/20120524174828/http://dispatch.opac.ddb.de/DB=4.1/PPN?PPN=128842709 Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File].</ref> The reigning emperor was {{nihongo|[[Emperor Go-Hanazono|Go-Hanazono]]''-tennō''|後花園天皇}}.<ref>Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). {{Google books|18oNAAAAIAAJ|''Annales des empereurs du Japon'', pp. 331-347.|page=331}}</ref>

==Change of era==
* '''1449''' {{nihongo|''Hōtoku gannen''|宝徳元年}}: The era name was changed to mark an event or a number of events. The previous era ended and a new one commenced in 1449 (''[[Bun'an]] 6.'')

The first year of Hotoku began on the 28th day of the 7th month. On the 10th day, the era name would still have been ''Bun'an'' 6.<ref>Tonomura, Hitomi. (1992). {{Google books|-I1uNDjKkwUC|''Community and commerce in late medieval Japan: the corporate villages of Tokuchin-ho'', p. 221.|page=2212}}</ref>

==Events of the ''Hōtoku'' era==
* '''May 8, 1449''' (''Hōtoku 1, 16th day of the 4th month'')<!-- NengoCalc  宝徳一年四月十六日 -->: Shōgun [[Ashikaga Yoshimasa|Yoshinari]]<ref>In 1453 (''Kyōtoku 2, 6th month''), Shogun, Yoshinari changed his name to Yoshimasu, by which name he is better known in modern times -- Titsingh,  {{Google books|18oNAAAAIAAJ| p. 346.|page=346}}</ref> is honored by the emperor with the gift of a sword.<ref>Titsingh, {{Google books|18oNAAAAIAAJ| p. 345.|page=345}}</ref>
* '''1451''' (''Hōtoku 3, 7th month ''): A delegation from the [[Ryukyu Islands]] arrives for the first time in [[Heian-kyō]] ([[Kyoto]]).<ref name="Titsingh346">Titsingh, {{Google books|18oNAAAAIAAJ| p. 346.|page=346}}; Satow, Ernest. (1882) "Notes on Loochoo" in {{Google books|gGYYAAAAYAAJ|Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan, Vols. 1-2, p. 1.|page=1}}, citing [[Arai Hakuseki]]</ref> Mention of this diplomatic event is among the first of its type to be published in the West in an 1832 French version of {{Nihongo|''[[Sangoku Tsūran Zusetsu]]''|三国通覧図説|''An Illustrated Description of Three Countries''}} by [[Hayashi Shihei]].<ref>[http://www.worldcat.org/search?q=Sangoku+Ts%C5%ABran+Zusetsu&qt=results_page  ''Sangoku Tsūran Zusetsu'']; alternate [[romaji]] [http://www.worldcat.org/search?q=Sankoku+Ts%C5%ABran+Zusetsu&qt=results_page  ''Sankoku Tsūran Zusetsu'']; Klaproth, Julius. (1832). {{Google books|lsoNAAAAIAAJ|''San kokf tsou ran to sets, ou Aperçu général des trois royaumes'', pp. 176.|page=176}}</ref>
* '''1451''' (''Hōtoku 3, 8th month ''): Sogun Yoshihori causes a letter to be sent to the Emperor of China.<ref name="Titsingh346"/>

Appreciation for the waka poetry of [[Shōtetsu]] and [[Shinkei]] was noteworthy during this era.<ref>Ramirez-Christensen, Esperanza U. (1994). {{Google books|dCpC9h1tCVcC|''Heart's Flower: the Life and Poetry of Shinkei'', p. 40.|page=40.}}</ref>

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
* [[Hayashi Shihei|Hayashi, Shihei]]. (1786). {{Nihongo|''[[Sangoku Tsūran Zusetsu]]''|三国通覧図説|''An Illustrated Description of Three Countries''}}. Edo: Manuscript. [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/44014900 OCLC 44014900]
* [[Julius Klaproth|Klaproth, Julius]]. (1832). ''San kokf tsou ran to sets, ou Aperçu général des trois royaumes.'' Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/2563166 OCLC 2563166]; [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/561284561 OCLC 561284561]
* Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). ''Japan Encyclopedia.'' Cambridge: [[Harvard University Press]]. {{ISBN|978-0-674-01753-5}}; [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/48943301/editions?editionsView=true&referer=br OCLC 48943301]
* [[Isaac Titsingh|Titsingh, Isaac.]] (1834). ''[[Nihon Odai Ichiran]]''; ou, [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran  ''Annales des empereurs du Japon.'']  Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5850691  OCLC 5850691].

==External links==
* [[National Diet Library]], "The Japanese Calendar" [http://www.ndl.go.jp/koyomi/e/ -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection]

{{s-start}}
{{succession box
| before =[[Bun'an]]
| title = [[Japanese era name|Era or ''nengō'']]<br>Hōtoku
| after = [[Kyōtoku]]
| years = 1449–1452
}}
{{s-end}}

{{Japanese era name}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hotoku}}
[[Category:Japanese eras]]
[[Category:1440s in Japan]]
[[Category:1450s in Japan]]
[[Category:15th-century neologisms]]