Editing Module:Jōan (era)

{{Short description|Period of Japanese history (1171–1175 CE)}}
{{History of Japan|Shoso-in.jpg| Image explanation = [[Shōsōin]]}}

{{nihongo|'''Jōan'''|承安}} was a {{nihongo|[[Japanese era name]]|年号|''nengō''|lit. "year name"}} after ''[[Kaō (era)|Kaō]]'' and before ''[[Angen]].''  This period spanned the years from April 1171 through July 1175.<ref>Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "''Jō-an''" in {{Google books|p2QnPijAEmEC|''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. 427|page=427}}; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, ''see'' [https://archive.today/20120524174828/http://dispatch.opac.ddb.de/DB=4.1/PPN?PPN=128842709 Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File].</ref> The reigning emperor was {{nihongo|[[Emperor Takakura|Takakura]]''-tennō''|高倉天皇}}.<ref>Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). ''Annales des empereurs du Japon'', pp. 195-200; Brown, Delmer ''et al.'' (1979). ''Gukanshō'', pp. 330-333; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). ''Jinnō Shōtōki.'' pp. 212-214.</ref>

==Change of era==
* '''1171''' {{nihongo|''Jōan gannen''|承安元年}}: The new era name was created to mark an event or series of events. The previous era ended and a new one commenced in ''Kaō'' 3, on the 21st day of the 4th month of 1171.<ref>Brown, p. 332.</ref>

==Events of the ''Jōan'' era==
* '''1172''' (''Jōan 1, 3rd day of the 1st month''): The emperor had attained the age of 11 years; accordingly, the hair on his head was shaved as a sign of his coming of age.<ref>Titsingh, p. 196; Brown, 331.</ref>
* '''1171''' (''Jōan 1, 13th day of the 1st month''): The young emperor made a visit to the home of former-[[Emperor Go-Shirakawa]], where  he first met Tiara-no Tokoku, the adopted daughter of Go-Shirakawa and the actual daughter of Taira no Kiomori. He accepted the 15-year-old girl as one of his consorts, and she moved into his palace.<ref>Titsingh, p. 196.</ref>
* '''1171''' (''Jōan 2, 10th day of the 2nd month''): Taira Kiyomori's daughter, Tokuko, becomes [[Emperor Takakura]]'s his secondary empress (''chūgo'').<ref>Kitagawa, H. (1975). ''The Tale of the Heike'', p. 783; Titsingh, p. 197.</ref>
* '''1172''' (''Jōan 2, 10th month''): Takakura visited the [[Fushimi Inari-taisha]] and the [[Yasaka Shrine]].<ref name="t197">Titsingh, p. 197.</ref>
* '''1172''' (''Jōan 2, 12th month''): Matsu motofusa ceased to be regent (''sesshō'') and ''daijō-daijin''; and he obtained the office of ''kampaku''.<ref>Titsingh, p. 197; Brown, p. 331.</ref>
*'''1173''' (''Jōan 3, 1st day of the 4th month''): Shinran, founder of Jodo Shinshu, was born and named Matsuwakamaro
* '''1173''' (''Jōan 3, 4th month''): The emperor visited the [[Iwashimizu Shrine]] and the [[Kamo Shrines]].<ref name="t197" />
* '''1173''' (''Jōan 3, 10th month''): The emperor's mother, Ken-shun-mon In, founded the Saishōkō Cloister, which was consecrated at a dedication ceremony in which she was a participant.<ref>Titsingh, p. 197, Brown, p. 333.</ref>
* '''1174''' (''Jōan 4, 1st month''): The emperor made visits to his father and to his mother.<ref name="t197" />

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
* Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). [https://books.google.com/books?id=w4f5FrmIJKIC&q=Gukansho  ''Gukanshō: The Future and the Past.''] Berkeley: University of California Press. {{ISBN|978-0-520-03460-0}}; [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/251325323  OCLC 251325323]
* Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). [https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC  ''Japan encyclopedia.''] Cambridge: [[Harvard University Press]]. {{ISBN|978-0-674-01753-5}}; [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/58053128?referer=di&ht=edition  OCLC 58053128]
* [[Isaac Titsingh|Titsingh, Isaac.]] (1834). ''[[Nihon Odai Ichiran]]''; ou, [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&q=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran  ''Annales des empereurs du Japon.'']  Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5850691 OCLC 5850691]
* [[H. Paul Varley|Varley, H. Paul]]. (1980). ''A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns: Jinnō Shōtōki of Kitabatake Chikafusa.'' New York: [[Columbia University Press]]. {{ISBN|9780231049405}}; [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/6042764  OCLC 6042764]

==External links==
* National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" [http://www.ndl.go.jp/koyomi/e/ -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection]

{{s-start}}
{{succession box
| before =[[Kaō (era)|Kaō]]
| title = [[Japanese era name|Era or ''nengō'']]<br>Jōan
| after =[[Angen]]
| years = 1171–1175
}}
{{s-end}}

{{Japanese era name}}

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[[Category:Japanese eras]]
[[Category:1170s in Japan]]
[[Category:12th-century neologisms]]