Editing Module:Jōgan

{{Short description|Period of Japanese history (859–878 CE)}}
{{History of Japan|Shoso-in.jpg| Image explanation = [[Shōsōin]]}}
{{nihongo|'''Jōgan'''|貞観|}} was a {{nihongo|[[Japanese era name]]|年号|''nengō''|"year name"}} after ''[[Ten'an]]'' and before ''[[Gangyō]].''  This period spanned the years from  April 859 through April 878.<ref>Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "''Jōgan''" in {{Google books|p2QnPijAEmEC|''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. 429|page=429}}; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, ''see'' [https://archive.today/20120524174828/http://dispatch.opac.ddb.de/DB=4.1/PPN?PPN=128842709 Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File].</ref> The two reigning emperors were {{nihongo|[[Emperor Seiwa|Seiwa]]''-tennō''|清和天皇}} and  {{nihongo|[[Emperor Yōzei|Yōzei]]''-tennō''|陽成天皇}}.<ref>Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran&pg=PP9  ''Annales des empereurs du japon'', p. 115]–121; Brown, Delmer ''et al.'' (1979). ''Gukanshō'', pp. 286–288; Varley, H. Paul. ''Jinnō Shōtōki'', pp. 166–17.</ref>

==Change of era==
* '''February 7, 859''' {{nihongo|''Jōgan gannen''|貞観元年}}<!-- NengoCalc  貞観一年一月一日 -->: The new era name was created to mark an event or series of events. The previous era ended and the new one commenced in ''Ten'an'' 3, on the 15th day of the 4th month of 859.<ref>Brown, p. 287.</ref>

==Events of the ''Jōgan'' era==
* '''859''' (''Jōgan 1, 1st month''): All New Year's festivities were suspended because of the period of national mourning for the death of [[Emperor Montoku]].<ref>Titsingh, [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran&pg=PP9  p. 116.]</ref>
* '''864''' (''Jōgan 6, 5th month''): [[Mount Fuji]] erupted during 10 days, and it ejected from its summit an immense quantity of cinders and ash which fell back to earth as far away as the ocean at Edo bay. Many people perished and a great number of homes were destroyed. The volcanic eruption began on the side of Fuji-san closest to Mount Asama, throwing cinders and ash as far away as [[Kai Province]].<ref>Titsingh, [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran&pg=PP9  p. 118.]</ref>
* '''869''' (''Jōgan 10''): Yōzei was born, and he is named Seiwa's heir in the following year.<ref>Titsingh, [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran&pg=PP9  p. 122.]</ref>
* '''July 9, 869''' (''May 26, Jōgan 11''). The [[869 Jogan Sanriku earthquake|869 earthquake and tsunami]] devastates a large part of the [[Sanriku]] coast near [[Sendai]].<ref>{{cite book |page=77 | title=Warnings: Finding Cassandras to stop catastrophe |author1=Richard A. Clarke | author2=R.P. Eddy | publisher=Harper Collins | year=2017}}</ref>
* '''876''' (''Jōgan 17, 11th month''): In the 18th year of Seiwa''-tennō''{{'}}s reign (清和天皇18年), the emperor ceded his throne to his five-year-old son, which means that the young child received the succession (''senso''). Shortly thereafter, Emperor Yōzei formally acceded to the throne (''sokui'').<ref>Titsingh, [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran&pg=PP9  p. 122]; Varley, p. 44; a distinct act of ''senso'' is unrecognized prior to [[Emperor Tenji]]; and all sovereigns except [[Empress Jitō|Jitō]],  [[Emperor Yōzei|Yōzei]], [[Emperor Go-Toba|Go-Toba]], and [[Emperor Fushimi|Fushimi]] have ''senso'' and ''sokui'' in the same year until the reign of [[Emperor Go-Murakami]].</ref>

==See also==
* [[Historic eruptions of Mount Fuji]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
* Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). [https://books.google.com/books?id=w4f5FrmIJKIC&q=Gukansho  ''Gukanshō: The Future and the Past''.] Berkeley: University of California Press. {{ISBN|978-0-520-03460-0}}; [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/251325323  OCLC 251325323]
* Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). [https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC  ''Japan encyclopedia''.] Cambridge: [[Harvard University Press]]. {{ISBN|978-0-674-01753-5}}; [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/58053128?referer=di&ht=edition  OCLC 58053128]
* [[Isaac Titsingh|Titsingh, Isaac.]] (1834). ''[[Nihon Ōdai Ichiran]]''; ou, [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&q=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran  ''Annales des empereurs du Japon''.]  Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5850691 OCLC 5850691]
* [[H. Paul Varley|Varley, H. Paul]]. (1980). ''A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns: Jinnō Shōtōki of Kitabatake Chikafusa''. New York: [[Columbia University Press]]. {{ISBN|9780231049405}}; [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/6042764  OCLC 6042764]

== External links ==
* [[National Diet Library]], "The Japanese Calendar" [http://www.ndl.go.jp/koyomi/e/ -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection]

{{s-start}}
{{succession box
| before =[[Ten'an]]
| title = [[Japanese era name|Era or ''nengō'']]<br>Jōgan
| after =[[Gangyō]]
| years = 859–877
}}
{{s-end}}

{{Japanese era name}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jogan}}
[[Category:Japanese eras]]
[[Category:850s in Japan]]
[[Category:860s in Japan]]
[[Category:870s in Japan]]
[[Category:850s beginnings]]
[[Category:859]]
[[Category:878 endings]]
[[Category:9th-century neologisms]]