Editing Module:Jian (era)

{{Short description|Period of Japanese history (1021–1024 CE)}}
{{History of Japan|Shoso-in.jpg| Image explanation = [[Shōsōin]]}}

{{nihongo|'''Jian'''|治安}} was a {{nihongo|[[Japanese era name]]|年号|''nengō''|lit. "year name"}}, also known as '''Chi'an''',  after ''[[Kannin]]'' and before ''[[Manju (era)|Manju]].''  This period spanned the years from February 1021<ref>Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "''Kannin''" in {{Google books|p2QnPijAEmEC|''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. 474|page=474}}; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, ''see'' [http://dispatch.opac.ddb.de/DB=4.1/PPN?PPN=128842709 Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120524174828/http://dispatch.opac.ddb.de/DB=4.1/PPN?PPN=128842709 |date=2012-05-24 }}.</ref> through July 1024.<ref>Nussbaum. "''Manjū''" at {{Google books|p2QnPijAEmEC| p. 607.|page=607}}</ref> The reigning emperor was {{nihongo|[[Emperor Go-Ichijo|Go-Ichijō]]''-tennō''|後一条天皇}}.<ref>Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). ''Annales des empereurs du Japon,'' pp. 156-159; Brown, Delmer ''et al.'' (1979). ''Gukanshō,'' pp. 307-310; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). ''Jinnō Shōtōki.'' p. 195-196.</ref>

==Change of Era==
* '''1021''' {{nihongo|''Jian gannen''|治安元年}}:  The era name was changed to mark an event or series of events. The previous era ended and a new one commenced in ''[[Kannin]]'' 5, on the 2nd day of the 2nd month of 1021.<ref>Brown, p. 310.</ref>

==Events of the ''Jian'' era==
* '''1023''' (''Jian 3, 4th month''): An [[epidemic]] in [[Kyoto]] was so severe that there were corpses in the streets;<ref>Dykstra, Yoshiko Kurata. (2001). ''The Konjaku Tales: from a Medieval Japanese Collection,'' Vol. 2, p. 13.</ref> disease spread throughout the country.<ref>Horton, Sarah J. (2007). {{Google books|hR5UYTsUfo0C|''Living Buddhist Statues in Early Medieval and Modern Japan,'' p. 143.|page=143}}</ref>
* '''1023''' (''Jian 3, 10th month''): [[Fujiwara no Michinaga]] visits [[Mt. Koya]].<ref>''Nihon Kiristokyō Kyōgikai''. (2001). ''Japanese Religions,'' Vols. 26-27, pp.34-35.</ref>
* '''December 29, 1023''' (''Jian 3, 14th day of the 11th month''): a lunar eclipse.<ref>Pankenier, David. (1999). {{Google books|XmgEWgvKmh4C|''Archaeoastronomy in East Asia: Historical Observational Records of Comets and Meteor Showers from China, Japan, and Korea,'' p. 89.|page=89}}</ref>

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
* Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). [https://books.google.com/books?id=w4f5FrmIJKIC&q=Gukansho  ''Gukanshō: The Future and the Past.''] Berkeley: University of California Press. {{ISBN|978-0-520-03460-0}}; [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/251325323  OCLC 251325323]
* Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). [https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC  ''Japan encyclopedia.''] Cambridge: [[Harvard University Press]]. {{ISBN|978-0-674-01753-5}}; [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/58053128?referer=di&ht=edition  OCLC 58053128]
* [[Isaac Titsingh|Titsingh, Isaac.]] (1834). ''[[Nihon Odai Ichiran]]''; ou, [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&q=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran  ''Annales des empereurs du Japon.'']  Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5850691 OCLC 5850691]
* [[H. Paul Varley|Varley, H. Paul]]. (1980). ''A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns: Jinnō Shōtōki of Kitabatake Chikafusa.'' New York: [[Columbia University Press]]. {{ISBN|9780231049405}}; [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/6042764  OCLC 6042764]

==External links==
* National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" [http://www.ndl.go.jp/koyomi/e/ -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection]

{{s-start}}
{{succession box
| before =[[Kannin]]
| title = [[Japanese era name|Era or ''nengō'']]<br>Jian
| after =[[Manju (era)|Manju]]
| years = 1021–1024
}}
{{s-end}}

{{Japanese era name}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jian (era)}}
[[Category:1020s in Japan]]
[[Category:Japanese eras]]
[[Category:11th-century neologisms]]


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