Editing Module:Kōan (Kamakura period)

{{Short description|Period of Japanese history (1278–1288 CE)}}
{{about|the [[Japanese era name]] Kōan occurring during the [[Kamakura period]]||Koan (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox historical era
| name      = Kōan{{pb}}{{nobold|{{lang|ja|弘安}}}}
| location  = [[Japan]]
| start     =February 1278
| end       = April 1288
|image      = Seated Jie Daishi (Priest Ryogen), by Renmyo, Japan, Kamakura period, dated 1286 AD, wood with polychromy and inlaid crystal eyes - Tokyo National Museum - Tokyo, Japan - DSC09328.jpg
| alt       = 
|caption    = ''[[Seated Jie Daishi]]'', depicting [[Ryōgen]] (AD 912–985), sculpted in 1286
| before    =  [[Kenji (era)|Kenji]]
| after= [[Shōō (Kamakura period)|Shōō]]
| monarch   = [[Emperor Go-Uda]] (to November 1287)<br>[[Emperor Fushimi]] (from November 1287)
}}{{History of Japan |image=Shoso-in.jpg |caption=[[Shōsōin]]}}

{{nihongo|'''''Kōan'''''|弘安}} was a {{nihongo|[[Japanese era name]]|年号|''nengō''|lit. "year name"}} after ''[[Kenji (era)|Kenji]]'' and before ''[[Shōō (Kamakura period)|Shōō]].''  This period spanned the years from February 1278 through April 1288.<ref>Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "''Kōan''" in {{Google books|p2QnPijAEmEC|''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. 535|page=535}}; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, ''see'' [http://dispatch.opac.ddb.de/DB=4.1/PPN?PPN=128842709 Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120524174828/http://dispatch.opac.ddb.de/DB=4.1/PPN?PPN=128842709 |date=2012-05-24 }}.</ref> The reigning emperors were {{nihongo|[[Emperor Go-Uda|Go-Uda]]''-tennō''|後宇多天皇}} and {{nihongo|[[Emperor Fushimi|Fushimi]]''-tennō''|伏見天皇}}.<ref>Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). ''Annales des empereurs du Japon,'' pp. 262-268; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). ''Jinnō Shōtōki.'' pp. 233-237.</ref>

==Change of era==
* '''1278''' {{nihongo|''Kōan gannen''|弘安元年}}: The new era name was created to mark an event or a number of events. The previous era ended and a new one commenced in ''Kenji'' 4. The era name comes from the ''Veritable Records of the [[Emperor Taizong of Tang]]'' and combines the characters {{linktext|弘}} ("broad") and {{linktext|安}} ("peaceful"). It should not be confused with the later [[Kōan (Muromachi period)|Kōan era of 1361–62]], which used a different character for ''kō'' ({{linktext|康}}, "peace").

==Events of the ''Kōan'' era==
* '''August 15, 1281''' (''Kōan 4, 7th day of the intercalary 7th month'')<!-- NengoCalc 弘安四年閏七月七日 -->: [[Battle of Kōan]] -- The second [[Mongol Empire|Mongol]] invasion of Japan is foiled, as a large [[typhoon]] &ndash; famously called a ''[[Kamikaze (typhoon)|kamikaze]]'', or divine wind &ndash; destroys much of the combined Chinese and Korean fleet and forces, numbering over 140,000 men and 4,000 ships.
* '''November 27, 1287''' (''Kōan 10, 21st day of the 10th month''): In the 14th year of Go-Uda''-tennō''{{'}}s reign (後宇多天皇14年), the emperor abdicated; and the succession (‘‘senso’’) was received by his cousin. Shortly thereafter, Emperor Fushimi is said to have acceded to the throne (‘‘sokui’’).<ref>Titsingh, p. 269; Varley, p. 44; a distinct act of ''senso'' is unrecognized prior to [[Emperor Tenji]]; and all sovereigns except [[Empress Jitō|Jitō]], [[Emperor Yōzei|Yōzei]], [[Emperor Go-Toba|Go-Toba]], and [[Emperor Fushimi|Fushimi]] have ''senso'' and ''sokui'' in the same year until the reign of [[Emperor Go-Murakami]].</ref>

==See also==
* [[Mongol invasions of Japan]]
* [[Battle of Bun'ei]] - the first invasion attempt by [[Kublai Khan]], in 1274.

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
* Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). [https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC  ''Japan encyclopedia.''] Cambridge: [[Harvard University Press]]. {{ISBN|978-0-674-01753-5}}; [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/58053128?referer=di&ht=edition  OCLC 58053128]
* [[Isaac Titsingh|Titsingh, Isaac.]] (1834). ''[[Nihon Odai Ichiran]]''; ou, [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&q=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran  ''Annales des empereurs du Japon.'']  Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5850691 OCLC 5850691]
* [[H. Paul Varley|Varley, H. Paul]]. (1980). ''A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns: Jinnō Shōtōki of Kitabatake Chikafusa.'' New York: [[Columbia University Press]]. {{ISBN|978-0-231-04940-5}}; [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/6042764  OCLC 6042764]

==External links==
* [[National Diet Library]], "The Japanese Calendar" [http://www.ndl.go.jp/koyomi/e/ -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection]

{{s-start}}
{{succession box
| before =[[Kenji (era)|Kenji]]
| title = [[Japanese era name|Era or ''nengō'']]<br>Kōan
| years = 1278–1288
| after =[[Shōō (Kamakura period)|Shōō]]
}}
{{s-end}}

{{Japanese era name}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Koan (Kamakura period)}}
[[Category:Japanese eras]]
[[Category:1270s in Japan]]
[[Category:1280s in Japan]]
[[Category:13th-century neologisms]]


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