Editing Module:Keiun

{{Short description|Period of Japanese history (704–708 CE)}}
{{History of Japan|Shoso-in.jpg| Image explanation = [[Shōsōin]]}}

{{Nihongo|'''Keiun'''|慶雲}}, also known as '''Kyōun''', was a {{nihongo|[[Japanese era name]]|年号|''nengō''|"year name"}} following ''[[Taihō (era)|Taihō]]'' and preceding ''[[Wadō (era)|Wadō]]''. The period spanned the years from May 704 through January 708.<ref>Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "''Keiun''" in {{Google books|p2QnPijAEmEC|''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. 506|page=506}}; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, ''see'' [http://dispatch.opac.ddb.de/DB=4.1/PPN?PPN=128842709 Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120524174828/http://dispatch.opac.ddb.de/DB=4.1/PPN?PPN=128842709 |date=2012-05-24 }}.</ref> The reigning emperors were {{nihongo|[[Emperor Monmu|Monmu]]''-tennō''|文武天皇|}} and {{nihongo|[[Empress Genmei|Genmei]]''-tennō''|元明天皇|}}.<ref>Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran&pg=PP9  ''Annales des empereurs du Japon'', pp. 60]–63; Brown, Delmer ''et al.'' (1979). ''Gukanshō'', pp. 270–271; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). ''Jinnō Shōtōki''. pp. 137–140.</ref>

==Change of era==
* '''704''' {{nihongo|''Keiun gannen''|慶雲元年}}: The new era name was created to mark an event or series of events.  The previous era ended and the new one commenced in ''Taihō'' 4, on the 7th day of the 5th month of 704.<ref name="b271">Brown, p. 271.</ref>

==Events of the ''Keiun'' era==
* '''707''' (''Keiun 4''): Emperor Monmu dies, but his son and heir was deemed too young to receive the succession (''senso''). Instead, the mother of the heir formally accedes to the throne (''sokui'') as [[Empress Gemmei]] until her son would grow mature enough to accept ''senso'' and ''sokui''.<ref>Varley, H. Paul. (1980). ''Jinnō Shōtōki'', p. 44; a distinct act of ''senso'' is unrecognized prior to [[Emperor Tenji]]; and all sovereigns except [[Empress Jitō|Jitō]],  [[Emperor Yōzei|Yōzei]], [[Emperor Go-Toba|Go-Toba]], and [[Emperor Fushimi|Fushimi]] have ''senso'' and ''sokui'' in the same year until the reign of [[Emperor Go-Murakami]].</ref>
* '''18 July 707''' (''Keiun 4, 15th day of the 6th month'')<!-- NengoCalc 慶雲四年六月十五日  -->: Genmei is enthroned at the age of 48.<ref name="b271"/>
* '''707''' (''Keiun 4''): Deposits of copper was reported to have been found in [[Musashi Province]] in the region which includes modern day Tokyo.<ref name="t63">Titsingh, [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran&pg=PP9  p. 63.]</ref>
* '''708''' (''Keiun 5''):, The era name was about to be changed to mark the accession of Empress Genmei; but the choice of ''Wadō'' as the new ''[[nengō]]'' for this new reign became a way to mark the welcome discovery of copper in the [[Chichibu District, Saitama|Chichibu District]] of what is now [[Saitama Prefecture]].<ref name="t63"/>  The Japanese word for copper is ''dō'' (銅); and since this was indigenous copper, the ''"wa"'' (the ancient Chinese term for Japan) could be combined with the ''"dō"'' (copper) to create a new composite term—''"wadō"''—meaning "Japanese copper."

==Notes==
{{reflist|2}}

==References==
* Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). [https://books.google.com/books?id=w4f5FrmIJKIC&q=Gukansho  ''Gukanshō: The Future and the Past''.] Berkeley: University of California Press. {{ISBN|978-0-520-03460-0}}; [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/251325323  OCLC 251325323]
* Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). [https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC  ''Japan encyclopedia''.] Cambridge: [[Harvard University Press]]. {{ISBN|978-0-674-01753-5}}; [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/58053128?referer=di&ht=edition  OCLC 58053128]
* [[Isaac Titsingh|Titsingh, Isaac]]. (1834). ''[[Nihon Ōdai Ichiran]]''; ou, [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&q=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran  ''Annales des empereurs du Japon''.]  Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5850691 OCLC 5850691]
* [[H. Paul Varley|Varley, H. Paul]]. (1980). ''A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns: Jinnō Shōtōki of Kitabatake Chikafusa''. New York: [[Columbia University Press]].  {{ISBN|9780231049405}}; [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/6042764  OCLC 6042764]

==External links==
* [[National Diet Library]], "The Japanese Calendar" [http://www.ndl.go.jp/koyomi/e/ -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection]

{{s-start}}
{{succession box
| before =[[Taihō (era)|Taihō]]
| title = [[Japanese era name|Era or ''nengō'']]<br>Keiun
| years = 704–708
| after =[[Wadō (era)|Wadō]]
}}
{{s-end}}

{{Japanese era name}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Keiun}}
[[Category:Japanese eras]]
[[Category:700s in Japan]]
[[Category:700s beginnings]]
[[Category:704]]
[[Category:708 endings]]
[[Category:8th-century neologisms]]