Editing Module:Kyōhō

{{Short description|Period of Japanese history (1716–1736)}}
{{redirect|Kyoho|the type of grape|Kyoho (grape)}}
{{History of Japan |image=Shoso-in.jpg |caption=[[Shōsōin]]}}

{{nihongo|'''Kyōhō'''|享保}}, also pronounced '''Kyōho''', was a {{nihongo|[[Japanese era name]]|年号|''nengō''|"year name"}} after ''[[Shōtoku (era)|Shōtoku]]'' and before ''[[Genbun]].''  This period spanned the years from July 1716 through April 1736.<ref>Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "''Kyōhō''" {{Google books|p2QnPijAEmEC|''Japan Encyclopedia,'' p. 584|page=584}}; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, ''see'' [http://dispatch.opac.ddb.de/DB=4.1/PPN?PPN=128842709 Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120524174828/http://dispatch.opac.ddb.de/DB=4.1/PPN?PPN=128842709 |date=2012-05-24 }}.</ref> The reigning emperors were {{nihongo|[[Emperor Nakamikado of Japan|Nakamikado]]''-tennō''|中御門天皇}} and {{nihongo|[[Emperor Sakuramachi of Japan|Sakuramachi]]''-tennō''|桜町天皇}}.<ref>Titsingh, Issac. (1834). [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP9&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran#PRA1-PA416,M1  ''Annales des empereurs to japon'', pp. 416–417.]</ref>

==Change of era==
* '''1716''' {{nihongo|''Kyōhō gannen''|享保元年}}: The era name of ''Kyōhō'' (meaning "Undergoing and Supporting") was created in response to the death of [[Tokugawa Ietsugu]]. The previous era ended and the new one commenced in ''Shōtoku'' 6, on the 22nd day of the 6th month.

==Events of the ''Kyōhō'' era==
* '''1717''' (''Kyōhō 2''): [[Kyōhō Reforms|''Kyōhō'' reforms]] are directed and overseen by Shōgun [[Tokugawa Yoshimune|Yoshimune]].<ref>Bowman, John Stewart. (2000). ''Columbia Chronologies of Asian History and Culture'', p. 142.</ref>
* '''1718''' (''Kyōhō 3''): The ''[[bakufu]]'' repaired the Imperial mausolea.<ref name="pf320">Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1956). ''Kyoto: the Old Capital, 794–1869'', p. 320.</ref>
* '''1718''' (''Kyōhō 3, 8th month''): The ''bakufu'' established a {{nihongo|petition-box|目安箱|''meyasubako''|}} at the office of the ''[[machi-bugyō]]'' in [[Heian-kyō]].<ref name="pf320"/>
* '''1720''' (''Kyōhō 5, 6th month''): The 26th High Priest of [[Nichiren Shōshū]], [[Nichikan Shōnin]], who is considered a great reformer of the sect, inscribed the [[Gohonzon]] which the lay Buddhist organisation [[Sōka Gakkai|SGI]] uses to bestow upon its members, after the [[Nichiren Shōshū]] priesthood, under the leadership of 67th High Priest [[Nikken Abe|Nikken]], refused to do so.
* '''1721''' (''Kyōhō 6''): [[Edo]] population of 1.1 million is world's largest city.<ref>Foreign Press Center. (1997). ''Japan: Eyes on the Country, Views of the 47 Prefectures'', p. 127.</ref>
* '''1730''' (''Kyōhō 15''): The [[Tokugawa shogunate]] officially recognizes the Dojima Rice Market in Osaka; and bakufu supervisors (''nengyoji'') are appointed to monitor the market and to collect taxes.<ref>Adams, Thomas. (1953). ''Japanese Securities Markets: A Historical Survey'', p. 11.</ref> The transactions relating to rice exchanges developed into securities exchanges, used primarily for transactions in public securities.<ref>Adams, p. 12.</ref> The development of improved agriculture production caused the price of rice to fall in mid-''Kyohō''.<ref>Hayami, Akira ''et al.'' (2004) ''The Economic History of Japan: 1600–1990'', p. 67.</ref>
* '''August 3, 1730''' (''Kyōhō 15, 20th day of the 6th month'')<!-- NengoCalc 享保十五年六月二十日  -->: A fire broke out in Muromachi and 3,790 houses were burnt. Over 30,000 looms in Nishi-jin were destroyed. The ''bakufu'' distributed rice.<ref name="pf320"/>
* '''1732''' (''Kyōhō 17''): The ''Kyōhō'' famine was the consequence after swarms of locusts devastated crops in agricultural communities around the inland sea.<ref>Hall, John. (1988). ''The Cambridge History of Japan'', p. 456.</ref>
* '''1733''' (''Kyōhō 18''): Ginseng grown in Japan begins to be available in the Japanese food markets.<ref name="takeyoshi352">Takekoshi, Yosaburō. (1930). [https://books.google.com/books?id=ZoV8ti9RZBgC&pg=PA352&lpg=PA352&dq=  ''Economic Aspects of the History of the Civilization of Japan,'' p. 352].</ref>
* '''1735''' (''Kyōhō 20''): Sweet potatoes were introduced into the Japanese diet.<ref name="takeyoshi352"/>

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
* Adams, Thomas Francis Morton. (1953). ''Japanese Securities Markets: A Historical Survey''. Tokyo: Seihei Okuyama. [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/4376900  OCLC 4376900]
* Foreign Press Center. (1997). ''Japan: Eyes on the Country, Views of the 47 Prefectures''. Tokyo: Foreign Press Center/Japan.
* [[John Whitney Hall|Hall, John Whitney]]. (1988). ''Early Modern Japan'' (''The Cambridge History of Japan'', Vol. 4). Cambridge: [[Cambridge University Press]]. {{ISBN|9780521223553}}; [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/489633115  OCLC 489633115]
* Hayami, Akira, Osamu Saitō, Ronald P Toby. (2004) ''The Economic History of Japan: 1600–1990'', Vol. 1, ''Emergence of Economic Society in Japan, 1600–1859''. Oxford: [[Oxford University Press]]. {{ISBN|9780198289050}}; [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/314513300  OCLC 314513300]
* Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). ''Japan Encyclopedia''. Cambridge: [[Harvard University Press]]. {{ISBN|978-0-674-01753-5}}; [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/48943301/editions?editionsView=true&referer=br OCLC 48943301]
* [[Richard Ponsonby-Fane|Ponsonby-Fane, Richard A.B.]] (1956). ''Kyoto: the Old Capital, 794–1869''. Kyoto: Ponsonby-Fane Memorial. [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/36644  OCLC 36644]
* [[Timon Screech|Screech, Timon.]] (2006). [https://books.google.com/books?id=BLzQA7cpr7wC&dq= ''Secret Memoirs of the Shoguns: Isaac Titsingh and Japan, 1779–1822''.] London: [[RoutledgeCurzon]]. {{ISBN|978-0-203-09985-8}}; [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/65177072 OCLC 65177072]
* Takekoshi, Yosaburō. (1930). [http://www.fishpond.com.au/Books/Economic-Aspects-of-History-of-Civilization-of-Japan-Yoseburo-Takekoshi/9780415323789  ''Economic Aspects of the History of the Civilization of Japan''.] London: Allen & Unwen, republished by Routledge {{ISBN|0415323789}}/{{ISBN|9780415323789}}
* [[Isaac Titsingh|Titsingh, Isaac]]. (1834). ''[[Nihon Ōdai Ichiran]]''; ou, [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran  ''Annales des empereurs du Japon''.]  Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5850691 OCLC 5850691].

== External links ==
* [[National Diet Library]], "The Japanese Calendar" [http://www.ndl.go.jp/koyomi/e/ -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection]

{{s-start}}
{{succession box
| before = {{nihongo|[[Shōtoku (era)|Shōtoku]]|正徳}}
| title = [[Japanese era name|Era or ''nengō'']]<br>{{nihongo|Kyōhō|享保}}
| years = 1716–1736
| after = {{nihongo|[[Genbun]]|元文}}
}}
{{s-end}}

{{Japanese era name}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kyoho}}
[[Category:Japanese eras]]
[[Category:1710s in Japan]]
[[Category:1720s in Japan]]
[[Category:1730s in Japan]]
[[Category:1710s neologisms]]