Editing Module:Man'en

{{short description|Period of Japanese history (1860–1861)}}
{{History of Japan |image=Shoso-in.jpg |caption=[[Shōsōin]]}}

{{nihongo|'''Man'en'''|万延}} was a {{nihongo|[[Japanese era name]]|年号|''nengō''| lit. "year name"}} after ''[[Ansei]]'' and before ''[[Bunkyū]]''. This period spanned the years from March 1860 through February 1861.<ref>Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "''Man'en''" {{Google books|p2QnPijAEmEC|''Japan Encyclopedia,'' p. 607|page=607}}; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, ''see'' [http://dispatch.opac.ddb.de/DB=4.1/PPN?PPN=128842709 Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120524174828/http://dispatch.opac.ddb.de/DB=4.1/PPN?PPN=128842709 |date=2012-05-24 }}.</ref>  The reigning emperor was {{nihongo|[[Emperor Kōmei|Kōmei]]''-tennō''|孝明天皇}}.

==Change of era==
* '''March 18, 1860''' ({{nihongo|''Man'en 1''|万延元年}}): The new era name was created to mark the destruction caused by a fire at [[Edo Castle]] and the assassination of [[Ii Naosuke]] (also known as "the disturbance" or "the incident" at the Sakurada-mon).<ref>Satow, Ernest Mason ''et al.'' (1905). [https://books.google.com/books?id=22cP2o20HrAC&q=Japan+1853-1864,+Or,+Genji+Yume+Monogatari,  ''Japan 1853-1864, Or, Genji Yume Monogatari'', p. 38.]</ref>  The previous era ended and a new one commenced in ''Ansei'' 7.

The new era name is derived from an hortatory aphorism to be found in ''[[Book of the Later Han|The Book of the Later Han]]'':  "With 100,000,000,000 descendants, your name will forever be recorded" (豊千億之子孫、歴万載而永延).

==Events of the ''Man'en'' era==
* '''1860''' (''Man'en 1''): First Western professional photographer to establish residence in Japan, [[Orrin Freeman]] began living in Yokohama<ref>Hannavy, John. (2007). {{Google books|PJ8DHBay4_EC|Encyclopedia of Nineteenth-century Photography, Vol. 1|page=770}}</ref>
* '''1860''' (''Man'en 1''): First foreign mission to the United States.<ref name="loc_press">Press release: [https://www.loc.gov/today/pr/2010/10-075.html  "First Japanese Diplomatic Mission to U.S. Is Subject of May 24 Lecture,"] [[Library of Congress]], April 16, 2010.</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery>
Image:SakuradaGate2.jpg|Edo Castle's Sakurada Gate (''Sakurada-mon''): The assassination of Ii Naosuke occurred nearby.
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[Sesquicentennial of Japanese Embassy to the United States]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist|1}}

==References==
* Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). ''Japan Encyclopedia.'' Cambridge: [[Harvard University Press]]. {{ISBN|978-0-674-01753-5}}; [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/48943301/editions?editionsView=true&referer=br OCLC 48943301]
* [[Ernest Mason Satow|Satow, Ernest Mason]] and Baba Bunyei. (1905). [https://books.google.com/books?id=22cP2o20HrAC  ''Japan 1853-1864, Or, Genji Yume Monogatari.''] Tokyo: {{nihongo|''Naigai suppan kyokai''|内外出版協會| }}. {{OCLC|1384148}}

== External links ==
* [[National Diet Library]], "The Japanese Calendar" [http://www.ndl.go.jp/koyomi/e/ Link to historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection]

{{s-start}}
{{succession box
| before = {{nihongo|[[Ansei]]|安政}}
| title = [[Japanese era name|Era or ''nengō'']]<br>{{nihongo|Man'en|万延}}
| years = 18 March 1860 – 29 March 1861
| after = {{nihongo|[[Bunkyū]]|文久}}
}}
{{s-end}}

{{Japanese era name}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Manen}}
[[Category:Japanese eras]]
[[Category:1860 in Japan]]
[[Category:1861 in Japan]]
[[Category:1860 introductions]]
[[Category:1860 establishments in Japan]]
[[Category:1860s disestablishments in Japan]]
[[Category:1860s neologisms]]


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