Editing Module:Meitoku

{{Short description|Period of Japanese history (1390–1394)}}
{{History of Japan|Shoso-in.jpg| Image explanation = [[Shōsōin]]}}

{{nihongo|'''Meitoku'''|明徳}} was a {{nihongo|[[Japanese era name]]|年号|''nengō''|"year name"}} of the [[Northern Court (Japan)|Northern Court]] during the [[Nanboku-cho|Era of Northern and Southern Courts]] after ''[[Kōō]]'' and before ''[[Ōei]]''. This period spanned the years from March 1390 to July 1394.<ref>Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "''Meitoku''" in [https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA625  ''Japan encyclopedia'', p. 625]; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, ''see'' [https://archive.today/20120524174828/http://dispatch.opac.ddb.de/DB=4.1/PPN?PPN=128842709 Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File].</ref> After October 1392, Meitoku replaced the Southern Court's nengō (''[[Genchū]]'').<ref>Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "''Genchū''" in [https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA236  ''Japan encyclopedia'', p. 236.]</ref>

The emperor in Kyoto was {{nihongo|[[Emperor Go-Komatsu]]|後小松天皇|''Go-Komatsu-tennō''}}<ref>Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP317 ''Annales des empereurs du japon'', pp. 317–320.]</ref> The [[Southern Court]] rival in Yoshino until 1392 was {{nihongo|[[Emperor Go-Kameyama]]|後亀山天皇|''Go-Kameyama-tennō''}}.

==Nanboku-chō overview==
[[File:Nanbokucho-capitals.svg|thumb|140px|The Imperial seats during the ''Nanboku-chō'' period were in relatively close proximity, but geographically distinct. They were conventionally identified as: {{unordered list|Northern capital : [[Kyoto]] |Southern capital : [[Yoshino, Nara|Yoshino]].}}]]   
During the [[Meiji period]], an Imperial decree dated March 3, 1911, established that the legitimate reigning monarchs of this period were the direct descendants of [[Emperor Go-Daigo]] through [[Emperor Go-Murakami]], whose {{nihongo|Southern Court|南朝|''nanchō''}} had been established in exile in [[Yoshino District|Yoshino]], near Nara.<ref name="concise">Thomas, Julia Adeney. (2001). [https://books.google.com/books?id=Re4djF3oaTMC&dq=1911+texbook+controversy&pg=RA1-PA199  ''Reconfiguring modernity: concepts of nature in Japanese political ideology'', p. 199 n57], citing Mehl, Margaret. (1997). ''History and the State in Nineteenth-Century Japan''. pp. 140–147.</ref> Until the end of the [[Edo period]], the militarily superior pretender-Emperors supported by the [[Ashikaga shogunate]] had been mistakenly incorporated in Imperial chronologies even though it was known that the [[Imperial Regalia of Japan|Imperial Regalia]] were not in their possession.<ref name="concise"/> This illegitimate {{nihongo|[[Northern Court]]|北朝|''hokuchō''}} had been established in [[Kyoto]] by [[Ashikaga Takauji]].<ref name="concise"/>

==Change of era==
* '''1390''', also called {{nihongo|''Meitoku gannen''|明徳元年}}: The new era name was created to mark an event or series of events. The previous era ended and the new one commenced after ''Kōō 2, 15th day of the 1st month.''

In the initial years of this time frame, [[Genchū]] (1384–1392) was the Southern Court equivalent ''nengō.''<ref name="titsingh317">Titsingh, p. 317.</ref>

In 1392, the two rival courts were said to be reunited in the era of ''Meitoku.''  ''Genchū'' 9 became ''Meitoku'' 3 when the two courts were reconciled.

==Events of ''Meitoku'' era==
[[Ashikaga Yoshimitsu]] solidified the [[shogunate|Bakufu]]'s power by suppressing the power of the ''[[daimyō]]s'' and the [[shugo]] during the Toki Yasuyuki Rebellion, the [[Meitoku War|Meitoku Rebellion]] and the Ōei Rebellion. In Meitoku 3/[[Genchū]] 9 (1392), the [[Northern Court (Japan)|Northern Dynasty]] confiscated the [[Japanese imperial regalia|Sacred Treasures]] which the Southern Court had possessed. With the abdication of [[Emperor Go-Kameyama of Japan|Emperor Go-Kameyama]], the dynasties, and eras, were consolidated. Hosokawa Yoriyuki, who had reinstated the [[shogunate|Bakufu]] after it lost its standing in the [[Kōryaku]] Coup, died in Meiroku 3 (1392) in the Meiroku Rebellion. His younger brother Hosokawa Yoritomo replaced him as the person in control. In Meitoku 4 (1393), Shiba Yoshimasa became the person in control.

* '''1390''' (''Meitoku 1''): Kusunoki defeated; Yamana Ujikiyo chastises Tokinaga.<ref name="a329">Ackroyd, Joyce. (1982) ''Lessons from History: The "Tokushi Yoron"'', p. 329.</ref>
* '''1391''' (''Meitoku 2''): Yamana Ujikiyo attacks Kyoto,<ref name="a330">Ackroyd, p. 330.</ref> an escalation of the [[Meitoku War]] (1391–1394) in which Yoshimitsu tried to diminish the power of the [[Yamana clan]] which controlled 11 provinces<ref>Ackroyd, p. 316.</ref> 
* '''1392''' (''Meitoku 3''): also known as ''Genchū 9'': Northern and Southern courts reconciled under Go-Komatsu.<ref name="a330"/>

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
* [[Joyce Ackroyd|Ackroyd, Joyce]]. (1982) ''Lessons from History: The [[Tokushi Yoron]]''. Brisbane: [[University of Queensland Press]]. {{ISBN|978-0-7022-1485-1}}
* Mehl, Margaret. (1997). ''History and the State in Nineteenth-Century Japan''. New York: [[St. Martin's Press]]. {{ISBN|978-0-312-21160-8}}; [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/419870136?referer=di&ht=edition OCLC 419870136]
* Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). ''Japan Encyclopedia''. Cambridge: [[Harvard University Press]]. {{ISBN|978-0-674-01753-5}}; [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/48943301/editions?editionsView=true&referer=br OCLC 48943301]
* Thomas, Julia Adeney. (2001). ''Reconfiguring Modernity: Concepts of Nature in Japanese Political Ideology''. Berkeley: [[University of California Press]]. {{ISBN|978-0-520-22854-2}}; {{OCLC|47916285}}
* [[Isaac Titsingh|Titsingh, Isaac]]. (1834). ''[[Nihon Ōdai Ichiran]]''; ou, [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&q=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran  ''Annales des empereurs du Japon''.]  Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5850691 OCLC 5850691]

==External links==
* National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" — [http://www.ndl.go.jp/koyomi/e/ historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection]

{{S-start}}
{{s-bef| before = [[Kōō (Nanboku-chō period)|Kōō]] }}
{{s-ttl| title  = Northern [[Japanese era name|Era or ''nengō'']]
       | years  = 1390–1393 }}
{{s-aft| rows   = 2 | after  = [[Ōei]] }}
{{s-bef| before = [[Genchū]] }}
{{s-ttl| title  = Southern [[Japanese era name|Era or ''nengō'']]
       | years  = 1393–1394 }}
{{s-end}}

{{Japanese era name}}

[[Category:Japanese eras]]
[[Category:1390s in Japan]]
[[Category:14th-century neologisms]]