Editing Module:Shitoku

{{Short description|Period of Japanese history (1384–1387)}}
{{History of Japan|Shoso-in.jpg| Image explanation = [[Shōsōin]]}}
{{nihongo|'''Shitoku'''|至徳}} was a {{nihongo|[[Japanese era name]]|年号|''nengō''|lit. year name}} of the [[Northern Court]] during the [[Nanboku-chō period|Era of Northern and Southern Courts]] after [[Eitoku]] and before [[Kakei]]. This period spanned the years from February 1384 to August 1387.<ref>Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "''Shitoku''" in [https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA875  ''Japan encyclopedia'', p. 875]; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, ''see'' [http://dispatch.opac.ddb.de/DB=4.1/PPN?PPN=128842709 Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120524174828/http://dispatch.opac.ddb.de/DB=4.1/PPN?PPN=128842709 |date=2012-05-24 }}.</ref> The emperor in Kyoto was {{nihongo|[[Emperor Go-Komatsu]]|後小松天皇|''Go-Komatsu-tennō''}}<ref>Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP317 ''Annales des empereurs du japon'', pp. 317.]</ref> The [[Southern Court]] rival in Yoshino during this time-frame was {{nihongo|[[Emperor Go-Kameyama]]|後亀山天皇|''Go-Kameyama-tennō''}}.

==Nanboku-chō overview==
[[File:Nanbokucho-capitals.svg|thumb|140px|The Imperial seats during the ''Nanboku-chō'' period were in relatively close proximity, but geographically distinct. They were conventionally identified as: {{unordered list|Northern capital : [[Kyoto]] |Southern capital : [[Yoshino, Nara|Yoshino]].}}]]
During the [[Meiji period]], an Imperial decree dated March 3, 1911 established that the legitimate reigning monarchs of this period were the direct descendants of [[Emperor Go-Daigo]] through [[Emperor Go-Murakami]], whose {{nihongo|Southern Court|南朝|''nanchō''}} had been established in exile in [[Yoshino District, Nara|Yoshino]], near Nara.<ref name="concise">Thomas, Julia Adeney. (2001). [https://books.google.com/books?id=Re4djF3oaTMC&dq=1911+texbook+controversy&pg=RA1-PA199  ''Reconfiguring modernity: concepts of nature in Japanese political ideology'', p. 199 n57], citing Mehl, Margaret. (1997). ''History and the State in Nineteenth-Century Japan.'' p. 140-147.</ref>

Until the end of the [[Edo period]], the militarily superior pretender-Emperors supported by the [[Ashikaga shogunate]] had been mistakenly incorporated in Imperial chronologies despite the undisputed fact that the [[Imperial Regalia of Japan|Imperial Regalia]] were not in their possession.<ref name="concise"/>

This illegitimate {{nihongo|[[Northern Court]]|北朝|''hokuchō''}} had been established in [[Kyoto]] by [[Ashikaga Takauji]].<ref name="concise"/>

Southern Court Equivalents: [[Genchū]]

==Change of era==
* '''1384''', also called {{nihongo|''Shitoku gannen''|至徳元年}}: The new era name was created to mark an event or series of events. The previous era ended and the new one commenced in ''Eitoku'' 4.

In this time frame, [[Genchū]] (1384–1393) was the Southern Court equivalent ''nengō.''<ref name="titsingh317">Titsingh, p. 317.</ref>

==Events of the Shitoku era==
* '''1384''' (''Shitoku 1, 3rd month''): Shōgun [[Ashikaga Yoshimitsu]] gave up his court position as General of the Left (''sadaish'').<ref name="titsingh317"/>
* '''1385''' (''Shitoku 2, 8th month''): Yoshimistu made a public visit to [[Kasuga-taisha]].<ref name="titsingh317"/>
* '''1385''' (''Shitoku 2''): Southern army defeated at [[Koga Domain|Koga]].<ref name="a329">Ackroyd, Joyce. (1982) ''Lessons from History: The "Tokushi Yoron"'', p. 329.</ref>
* '''1386''' (''Shitoku 3, 7th month''): Yoshimitsu authorized the [[Five Mountain System]] for ranking state-sponsored Buddhist temples; and [[Nanzen-ji]] was ranked at the top and in a class of its own.<ref>Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP317  ''Annales des empereurs du japon'', p. 317.]</ref>
* '''1387-89''': Dissension is growing in Toki family of [[Mino Province|Mino]].<ref name="a329"/>

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
* [[Joyce Ackroyd|Ackroyd, Joyce]]. (1982) ''Lessons from History: The [[Tokushi Yoron]].'' Brisbane: [[University of Queensland Press]]. {{ISBN|978-0-7022-1485-1}}
* Mehl, Margaret. (1997). ''History and the State in Nineteenth-Century Japan.'' New York: [[St Martin's Press]]. {{ISBN|978-0-312-21160-8}}; [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/419870136?referer=di&ht=edition OCLC 419870136]
* Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). ''Japan Encyclopedia.'' Cambridge: [[Harvard University Press]]. {{ISBN|978-0-674-01753-5}}; [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/48943301/editions?editionsView=true&referer=br OCLC 48943301]
* Thomas, Julia Adeney. (2001). ''Reconfiguring Modernity: Concepts of Nature in Japanese Political Ideology.'' Berkeley: [[University of California Press]]. {{ISBN|978-0-520-22854-2}}; {{OCLC|47916285}}
* [[Isaac Titsingh|Titsingh, Isaac.]] (1834). ''[[Nihon Odai Ichiran]]''; ou, [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&q=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran  ''Annales des empereurs du Japon.'']  Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5850691 OCLC 5850691]

==External links==
* National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" [http://www.ndl.go.jp/koyomi/e/ -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection]

{{s-start}}
{{succession box
|before=[[Eitoku]]
|title=[[Japanese era name|Era or ''nengō'']]<br>Shitoku
|years=1384–1387
|after=[[Kakei]]
}}
{{s-end}}

{{Japanese era name}}

[[Category:Japanese eras]]
[[Category:1380s in Japan]]