Editing Module:Tenpyō-shōhō

{{Short description|Period of Japanese history (749–757 CE)}}
{{History of Japan|Shoso-in.jpg| Image explanation = [[Shōsōin]]}}

{{nihongo|'''Tenpyō-shōhō'''|天平勝宝}} was a {{nihongo|[[Japanese era name]]|年号|''nengō''|lit. "year name"}} after ''[[Tenpyō-kanpō]]'' and before ''[[Tenpyō-hōji]].''  This period spanned the years from July 749 through August 757.<ref>Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "''Tenpyō-shōhō''" in {{Google books|p2QnPijAEmEC|''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. 957|page=957}}; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, ''see'' [http://dispatch.opac.ddb.de/DB=4.1/PPN?PPN=128842709 Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120524174828/http://dispatch.opac.ddb.de/DB=4.1/PPN?PPN=128842709 |date=2012-05-24 }}.</ref>  The reigning empress was {{nihongo|[[Empress Kōken|Kōken]]''-tennō''|孝謙天皇}}.<ref>Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran&pg=PP9  ''Annales des empereurs du Japon'', pp. 73]-75; Varley, Paul. (1980). ''Jinnō Shōtōki'', pp. 143-144.</ref>

==Change of era==
* '''749''' {{nihongo|''Tenpyō-shōhō gannen''|天平勝宝元年}}: The new era name of Tenpyō-shōhō (meaning "Heavenly Peace and Victorious Treasure")<ref>Bowman, John. (2000). [https://books.google.com/books?id=pg5Qi28akwEC&q=bowman,+john+stewart  ''Columbia Chronologies of Asian History and Culture'', p. 127.]</ref> was created to mark the accession of Empress Kōken.  Shortly after ''Tenpyō-kanpō'' was initially proclaimed, [[Emperor Shōmu]] renounced the throne, thus becoming the first emperor to take the [[tonsure]] as a Buddhist monk.<ref>Varley, p. 143.</ref>  Shōmu's reign and the ''Tenpyō-kanpō'' era ended simultaneously as he began a new phase of his life.  The previous era ended after a mere four months,  and the new one commenced in Tenpyō-kanpō 1, on the 2nd day of the 7th month of 749.<ref name="b274">Brown, p. 274.</ref>

==Events of the ''Tenpyō-shōhō'' era==
* '''749''' (''Tenpyō-shōhō 1''): [[Emperor Shōmu]] abdicates, and his daughter receives the succession (''senso'').  Shortly thereafter, Empress Kōken formally accedes to the throne (''sokui'').<ref>Varley, p. 44; a distinct act of ''senso'' is unrecognized prior to [[Emperor Tenji]]; and all sovereigns except [[Empress Jitō|Jitō]], [[Emperor Yōzei|Yōzei]], [[Emperor Go-Toba|Go-Toba]], and [[Emperor Fushimi|Fushimi]] have ''senso'' and ''sokui'' in the same year until the reign of [[Emperor Go-Murakami]].</ref>
* '''749''' (''Tenpyō-shōhō 1'')<!--: Empress Kōken is enthroned; and ''Tenpyō-kanpō gannen'' is superseded by a new one.<ref name="b274"/> -->
* '''752''' (''Tenpyō-shōhō 4, 4th month''): The [[Buddhābhiseka|Eye-Opening Ceremony]] celebrating the completion of the Great Buddha is held at [[Tōdai-ji]] in [[Nara, Nara|Nara]].<ref>Titsingh, [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran&pg=PP9  p. 74.]</ref>
* '''5 September 750''' (''Tenpyō-shōhō 2, 1st day of the 8th month'')<!-- NengoCalc 天平勝宝二年八月一日 -->: In the 10th year of Kōken''-tennō''{{'}}s reign (称徳天皇10年), the empress abdicated; and succession (''senso'') was received by her adopted son.  Shortly thereafter, [[Emperor Junnin]] is said to have acceded to the throne (''sokui'').<ref>Titsingh, [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran&pg=PP9  p. 75]; Brown, p. 275; Varley, p. 44, 144.</ref>

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
* Bowman, John Stewart. (2000). ''Columbia Chronologies of Asian History and Culture.'' New York: [[Columbia University Press]]. {{ISBN|9780231110051}}; {{ISBN|9780231110044}}; [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/42429361  OCLC 42429361]
* Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). [https://books.google.com/books?id=w4f5FrmIJKIC&q=Gukansho  ''Gukanshō: The Future and the Past.''] Berkeley: University of California Press. {{ISBN|978-0-520-03460-0}}; [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/251325323  OCLC 251325323]
* Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). [https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC  ''Japan encyclopedia.''] Cambridge: [[Harvard University Press]]. {{ISBN|978-0-674-01753-5}}; [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/58053128?referer=di&ht=edition  OCLC 58053128]
* [[Isaac Titsingh|Titsingh, Isaac.]] (1834). ''[[Nihon Odai Ichiran]]''; ou, [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&q=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran  ''Annales des empereurs du Japon.'']  Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5850691 OCLC 5850691]
* [[H. Paul Varley|Varley, H. Paul]]. (1980). ''A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns: Jinnō Shōtōki of Kitabatake Chikafusa.'' New York: [[Columbia University Press]].  {{ISBN|9780231049405}}; [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/6042764  OCLC 6042764]

== External links==
* [[National Diet Library]], "The Japanese Calendar" [http://www.ndl.go.jp/koyomi/e/ -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection]

{{s-start}}
{{succession box
| before =[[Tenpyō-kanpō]]
| title = [[Japanese era name|Era or ''nengō'']]<br>Tenpyō-shōhō
| years = 749–757
| after =[[Tenpyō-hōji]]
}}
{{s-end}}

{{Japanese era name}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tenpyo-shoho}}
[[Category:Japanese eras]]
[[Category:740s in Japan]]
[[Category:750s in Japan]]
[[Category:740s beginnings]]
[[Category:749]]
[[Category:757 endings]]
[[Category:8th-century neologisms]]